赤霉素对延后栽培酿酒葡萄西拉生长发育及果实品质的影响

Effect of gibberellic acid on growth development and fruit quality of Syrah vinifera in delayed cultivation

【目的】探讨喷施赤霉素（GA3）对延后栽培酿酒葡萄西拉生长发育及果实品质的影响,为降低酿酒葡萄生产成本、提高果实品质提供参考依据。【方法】对延后栽培新梢长至3~5片叶的酿酒葡萄西拉新梢和花穗分别喷施2.0、4.0、6.0、8.0和10.0 mg/L GA3,在相应的生长期测定花序长度、果穗形态、枝叶生长状况,果实成熟收获时测产并测定果穗重、果穗纵横径、单粒重、果粒纵横径、单果平均种子数、果蒂粗度、可溶性固形物含量及酸含量等性状。【结果】2.0、4.0、6.0、8.0和10.0 mg/L GA3处理的花序长度分别比对照（CK）提高31.71%、39.83%、49.32%、62.48%和82.48%。2.0和4.0 mg/L GA3处理的产量（11177.76和23111.64 kg/ha）、果穗重（146.20和162.32 g）、单粒重（1.42和1.50 g）、果粒纵径（12.18和13.10 mm）、果粒横径（11.14和11.46 mm）、种子数（1.69和2.15粒）、可溶性固形物含量（18.92%和19.40%）及酸含量（5.35和6.15 g/L）等均优于其他处理,而6.0、8.0和10.0 mg/L GA3处理的穗轴表现弯曲、硬化,果粒僵化并出现大小粒现象,进而影响果实的单粒重、种子数、果穗重、果粒纵径和横径等性状,降低产量和品质。【结论】对延后栽培酿酒葡萄西拉长至3~5片叶的新梢和花穗喷施4.0 mg/L GA3可拉长其果穗长度,减少人工蔬果工作量,提高果实产量和品质。

【Objective】The effect of spraying gibberellic acid（GA3） on growth and fruit quality of Syrah vinifera in delayed cultivation was investigated, in order to provide theoretical basis for reducing production cost and improving fruit quality. 【Method】GA3at 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 mg/L was sprayed on shoots and inflorescences of Syrah vinifera after growing to3-5 leaves, respectively. Then the agronomic traits were investigated, including growth rate of inflorescence length, cluster shape, growth status of shoots and leaves at relevant stages. In addition, the cluster weight, longitudinal and transverse diameters of cluster, single fruit weight, longitudinal and transverse diameters of fruit, average seed number per fruit,pedicel diameter, soluble solid content and acid content were determined at harvest time. 【Result】The results showed that,after spraying GA3 at 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 mg/L, the inflorescence length of Syrah vinifera increased by 31.71%,39.83%, 49.32%, 62.48% and 82.48%, respectively, compared with control（CK）. The effects of spraying GA3 at 2.0 and4.0 mg/L on yield（11177.76 and 23111.64 kg/ha）, cluster weight（146.20 and 162.32 g）, single fruit weight（1.42 and1.50 g）, fruit longitudinal diameter（12.18 and 13.10 mm）, fruit transverse diameter（11.14 and 11.46 mm）, seed number（1.69 and 2.15 seeds）, soluble solid content（18.92% and 19.40%） and acid content（5.35 and 6.15 g/L） were superior to other treatments. While GA3 at 6.0, 8.0 and 10 mg/L led to spike-stalk bending, hardening, fruit rigid and uneven fruit size, which affected single fruit weight, seed number, cluster weight, longitudinal and transverse diameters of fruit that would decrease yield and quality. 【Conclusion】Spraying GA3 at 4.0 mg/L on shoots and inflorescences of Syrah viniferaafter growing to 3-5 leaves in delayed cultivation can elongate cluster length, reduce manual workload and improve yield and quality of fruit.