3种木香多糖提取方法的比较

Comparison on three extraction methods of polysaccharides from Aucklandia lappa Decne. root

【目的】比较回流提取法、热水浸提法和超声波辅助提取法对木香多糖提取效果的影响,为木香多糖的开发利用提供参考依据。【方法】以木香根为原料,通过正交试验考察料液比、提取时间、提取温度和提取次数对多糖提取量的影响,采用蒽酮—硫酸法测定木香多糖含量,并对回流提取、热水浸提和超声波辅助提取3种提取方法的最佳提取条件和提取量进行比较。【结果】回流提取法的优化条件:在料液比1∶40、85℃水浴条件下提取3次,每次提取2.5 h,多糖提取量11.445 mg/g,以提取次数和料液比对木香多糖提取量的影响显著(P<0.05,下同);热水浸提法的优化条件为:在料液比1∶120、85℃水浴条件下提取2次,每次提取2.0 h,多糖提取量为10.804 mg/g,以提取温度和提取时间对木香多糖提取量的影响显著;超声波辅助提取法的优化条件:在料液比1∶10、50℃超声波辅助(超声功率300 W,工作频率40 k Hz)条件下提取2次,每次提取2.5 h,多糖提取量为10.718 mg/g,以提取时间和提取温度对木香多糖提取量的影响显著。【结论】3种提取方法对木香多糖提取量有明显影响,综合考虑,回流提取法成本较低、操作简便,适用于工业化生产,而超声波辅助提取法能耗低、提取效率较高,可作为实验室科学研究的首选方法。

【Objective】The present experiment was conducted to investigate effects of reflux extraction method, hot-water extraction method and ultrasonic-assisted extraction method on yield of polysaccharides of Aucklandia lappa Decne.,in order to provide reference for development and utilization of polysaccharides from A. lappa. 【Method】With A. lappa root as raw materials, the effects of material-liquor ratio, extraction time, extraction temperature and extraction times on yield of polysaccharide was investigated by orthogonal test. The anthrone-sulfuric acid method was used to determine polysaccharide content of A. lappa, the extraction conditions of reflux extraction method, hot-water extraction method and ultrasonic-assisted extraction method were optimized, and the polysaccharides yields of these three extraction methods were compared. 【Result】The optimum conditions of reflux extraction were as follows： material-liquor ratio of 1∶40, the extraction time of 2.5 h, and extraction temperature of 85 ℃, extracting 3 times. Under these conditions, the yield of polysaccharides was 11.445 mg/g, and the extraction time and material-liquor ratio had significant effects on yield of polysaccharide（P〈0.05,the same below）. The optimum conditions of hot-water extraction were as follows： material-liquor ratio of 1：120, the extraction time of 2.0 h, extraction temperature of 85 ℃, extracting 2 times. Under these conditions, the yield of polysaccharides was 10.804 mg/g, the extraction temperature and times had significant effects on the yield of polysaccharides. The optimum conditions of ultrasonic-assisted extraction, the material-liquor ratio of 1 ∶10, extraction time of 2.5h, extraction temperature of 50 ℃, extracting 2 times. Under those conditions, the yield of polysaccharides was 10.718mg/g, and the extraction time and extraction temperature had significant effects on yield of polysaccharides. 【Conclusion】Three kinds of extraction methods have significant effects on yield of polysaccharides from A. lappa. Based on comprehensive consideration, the reflux extraction method is low-cost, and easy to operate and suitable for commercial process, and the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method is low-consumption and high-efficiency, and one of most suitable methods for scientific research in laboratory.