中国特有观赏树种深山含笑的花部变异

Floral Variation of Michelia maudiae an Endemic Ornamental Tree Endemic in China

为了更好地掌握中国特有观赏树种深山含笑（Michelia maudiae Dunn）的花部变异情况,探讨其遗传育种学意义,试验对昆明树木园内栽培的10株深山含笑的65朵花花部的花器数量、大小及形态性状变异进行了观测和统计分析。结果表明,深山含笑花部花器的数量、大小及形态性状均有变异。花短枝具佛焰苞状鳞片3～5枚、花被片8～12片、雄蕊47～97枚、心皮15～42枚、每心皮胚珠2～13粒;花短枝节间长0.09～2.23 cm,花梗长0～0.34 cm,花被片长4.33～8.72 cm、宽1.27～5.49 cm,雄蕊长1.00～2.34 cm、药室长0.47～1.82 cm、药隔长0.06～0.35 cm,心皮长0.36～0.77 cm、柱头长0.2～0.5 cm;花托淡绿色、黄白色或紫红色,花被片倒卵圆形、匙形、卵圆形、披针形,白色或微黄,有时有黄或紫红晕,花柱顶部红色或紫红色。花部数量性状的变异系数为7.24%～792.39%,其中叶状鳞片数（244.23%）、第四轮花被片数（792.39%）变异颇大;花部大小性状的变异系数为13.99%～72.28%,花梗长（72.28%）的变异较大;形态性状的变异系数为20.01%～55.64%,变异主要发生在花朵晕色（48.79%）、花被片晕色（50.60%）和花被片形状（55.64%）等。经方差分析表明,深山含笑的花部变异主要存在于株间,并且形态多样性较为丰富,为观赏优良单株或新品种的选育提供了可能和宝贵的基础数据。

65 flowers from 10 plants of Michelia maudiae Dunn in Kunming arboretum were observed. The results show that the numerical, size characters and morphological of their floral parts are varied. There are flower brachyblast with 3 to 5spathe-like bract scars, tepals 8 to 12, stamens 47 to 97, carpels 15 to 42, 2 to 13 ovules per acarpel. The length of internodes of floral brachyblast was 0.09 ～2.23 cm; peduncles 0 ～0.34 cm; length of tepals was 4.33 ～8.72 cm, and width1.27～5.49 cm; length of stamens 1.00 ～2.34 cm, anthers 0.47 ～1.82 cm, connectivums 0.06 ～0.35 cm, carpels 0.36 ～0.77 cm, stigmas 0.2～0.5 cm. The color of receptacles is light green, yellow or fuchsia. Tepals are obovate, spathulate, oval or lanceolate in shape, white or light yellow, sometimes with yellow or purplish red flush in color. The numerical variance coefficient of floral parts is 7.24% ～792.39%. The variance of foliiform scales（244.23%） and the 4th whorled tepals（792.39%） is huge. The variance coefficient of size characters is 13.99%～72.28%; among which the variance of peduncle is the biggest（72.28%）. For morphological characters, the variance coefficient is 20.01% ～55.64%. The mutation variations mainly occurred in iris flowers（48.79%）, the iridescence of tepals（50.60%） and the shape of tepals（55.64%）. Analysis of variance showed that variations of M. maudiae flowers mainly occur among strains, and the morphological diversity is very abundant. The research provide basis for the breeding of ornamental individuals or new varieties.