蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉对锦鲤生长、体组成、体色和非特异性免疫的影响

Effects of Fish Meal Replacement by Maggot Meal on Growth Performance,Body Composition,Body Color and Non-specific Immunity of Cyprinus carpio L.

研究了蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉对锦鲤(Cyprinus carpio L.)生长、体组成、体色和血清免疫指标的影响。选用360尾初始体重为(120.24±4.36)g的锦鲤随机分为6组,每组20尾,3个重复,以基础饲料为对照组,用蝇蛆粉替代基础饲料中20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的鱼粉,配置6种试验饲料(G0、G20、G40、G60、G80、G100),养殖周期60 d。结果表明,蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉对试验鱼成活率、肌肉水分、粗灰分、钙、总磷、血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)无显著差异(P>0.05)。蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉G20组-G60组试验鱼的终末体重、WGR、SGR无显著差异(P>0.05),而G80组、G100组显著降低(P<0.05)。G20组、G40组试验鱼的FCR较对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),G60组-G100组试验鱼FCR显著升高(P<0.05)。蝇蛆粉替代组试验鱼的肌肉粗蛋白含量随替代水平的增加而逐渐升高,G20组-G60组与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),而G80组、G100组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。各替代组粗脂肪、血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)随替代水平的增加,均显著降低(P<0.05)。蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉对锦鲤体色的影响,除G20组无显著差异(P>0.05)外,其他各试验组色度值均显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,以生长性能、肌肉成分、体表色度值和血清非特异性免疫作为评价指标,蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉的比例不宜超过60%。

This experiment aims to explore the impact of substituting maggot meal for fish meal on growth performance, body composition, body color and some serum immune indicates. 360 Cyprinus carpio L., with an original weight of（120.24±4.36）g apiece, were selected and divided at random into three parallel groups. The control group fed on basal feed. Six types of experimental feed（G0, G20, G40, G60, G80 and G100） were compounded over the course of 60 days by substituting maggot meal for 0%,20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of fish meal in basal feed respectively. The results showed that substitution of maggot meal for any amount of fish meal did not make any significant difference for experimental fish in terms of survival rate, muscular water, crude ash, carbon, total phosphorus and AKP（P〉0.05）. For G20 and G60, such substitution did not show any significant difference in terms of final weight, WGR and SGR of the experimental fish（P〉0.05）and for G80 and G100, it decreased significantly（P〈0.05）. For G20 and G40, FCR of the experimental fish did not show any significant difference with that of the control group（P〉0.05）. For G60 and G100, FCR of the experimental fish rose significantly（P〈0.05）. Muscular crude protein content of the experimental fish rose proportionately with the addition of the substitution level. For G20 and G60, there was no significant difference compared with the control group, and it was much higher in G80 and G100 than in the control group（P〈0.05）. Crude fat and SOD in substitution groups fell significantly with the addition of the substitution（P〈0.05）. As for the impact of the substitution on body color, the chromatic values increased significantly in all experimental groups（P〈0.05）except in G20（P〉0.05）. To sum up, the ratio of substitution of maggot meal for fish meal may not preferably exceed 60% with assessment indicates of growth performance, muscle composition, body-surface chromatic values and some serum non-specific immunity.