玉米须最佳采收时期研究

Study on Optimum Harvest Time of Corn Silk

为了确定玉米(Zea mays L.)须最佳采收时期,针对3个不同品种研究了玉米须采收时期对玉米产量、出子率、玉米须多糖和总黄酮含量的影响。结果表明,玉米须采收时期对Y1品种的玉米产量有显著影响,授粉期产量高于灌浆期和成熟期,对Y2和Y3品种没有显著影响;对3个品种玉米的出子率均没有显著影响;Y1和Y3品种多糖含量呈下降趋势,而Y2品种灌浆期含量最高;Y1品种总黄酮含量不断降低,成熟期比授粉期降低了93%,Y2品种成熟期比前两个时期降低了75%左右,而Y3品种后两个时期比授粉期含量提高1倍。针对Y1品种,应选择授粉期采收玉米须;针对Y2品种,应选择灌浆期采收玉米须;针对Y3品种,选择灌浆期采收较为合适。

For choosing corn（Zea mays L.） silk optimum harvest time, its effects on corn yield, seed rate, polysaccharide and total flavonoids contents of three varieties were studied. The results showed that corn silk harvest time had significant effect on yield of Y1, and pollination period yield was higher than filling and maturity periods. Corn silk harvest time had no significant effect on yields of Y2 and Y3 as well as seed rates of all three varieties. Polysaccharide contents in corn silk of Y1 and Y3 continued to decrease, while the content reached the top on filling stage of Y2. Total flavonoids content continued to decrease in Y1 silk, and decreased by 93% in maturity period than in pollination period. Total flavonoids content of Y2 decreased by about 75% in maturity period than the previous two periods, while the content of Y3 increased one-fold in the latter two periods than pollination period. In conclusion, optimum corn silk harvest time should be pollination, filling and filling periods for Y1, Y2 and Y3, respectively.