植物病毒表达系统在木本作物研究中的应用

The use of plant virus-based expressing systems in woody crops

作为功能基因组学的重要工具,植物病毒表达载体已广泛用于植物基因的表达调控及功能分析。一方面,病毒表达载体作为瞬时表达技术在植物细胞内大量表达目标基因,或是通过诱导基因沉默调控目标基因的表达水平;另一方面,植物病毒表达系统为植物品种更新提供了不同于转基因的另一种技术,特别是针对那些生命周期长,缺乏成熟转基因技术的植物,病毒载体作为基因表达调控工具发挥着更重要的作用。目前认为,利用植物病毒表达系统表达抗病基因,或是诱导植物产生抗病反应是对自然生态影响较少的一种病虫害防控技术。本文重点介绍目前在多年生水果及坚果作物上适用的植物病毒表达载体,讨论植物病毒表达技术在木本作物中的应用现状、特点及未来需要改进的地方。

As an important functional genomics tools,plant virus-based vectors have been widely used for the gene expression system and functional genetic analysis in plants.Plant viral vectors could be used to express foreign genes and then investigating their effects on the plants,or the other way,used for reverse genetic analysis by inhibition of the cellular gene expressions through the induction of RNA silencing.The plant virus-based vector system is especially important because there are many crop plants with long life cycles or no efficient conventional gene transformation technique available.Thus,the plant virus-based vectors provide the researchers with an alternative yet convenient experimental tool.In addition,plant viral vector system could also be implemented in the crop field to express the defense-related proteins that protect the plants against pathogens and pests.This novel crop protection approach seems to have an advantage over the chemical control method,due to its less negative impact on the bio-environment.This review focuses on viral vectors currently used in woody fruit and nut crops.The recent developments,features,and improvements of plant virus-based expression techniques were also discussed.