胡塞尔视角下笛卡尔感觉与身体观的悖论及解决

The Paradox and Solution of Descartes' View on Sense and Body from the Perspective of Husserl

理智主义者笛卡尔并没有忽略意识中自明的感觉,而是从感觉出发证得了身体的存在方式,并几乎得出身心交融的结论。可是他又坚持理智主义态度,因此不仅二元论在身心关系中得到贯彻,而且相反机械还原主义也获得了生长的机会:一方面身体被还原为生理器官,另一方面心灵中的感觉乃至心灵所有能力面临着被还原为神经生理活动的危险。这种悖论的出现,从胡塞尔现象学来看是因为没有进行彻底的悬搁,没有发现感觉体验原初的意向性结构。胡塞尔对感觉和身体的分析不仅可以解决笛卡尔的悖论,而且对于现代医学、神经生理学等的发展都有启发意义。

As an intellectual, Descartes did not neglect the sense which is self-evident in consciousness, but proved from the sense how the body exists, and nearly drew the conclusion that body and mind were integrated. However, he still insisted on intellectualism. Thus not only dualism was implemented in body-mind relation, but mechanical reductionism has a chance to grow as well. On one hand, body was reduced to a physiological organ. On the other, sense and even all the abilities of mind were on the verge of being reduced to neurophysiological mechanism. From the perspective of Husserl＇s phenomenology, the occurrence of this paradox was due to the fact that Descartes did not make thorough epoche or find the intentional structure of sense. Husserl＇s analysis of sense and body can not only resolve Descartes＇ paradox, but also provide some inspiration for the development of modern medicine and neurophysiology.