基于估算电流模型的永磁同步电机无速度传感器控制

Speed Sensorless Control of PMSM Based on Estimated Current Model

在分析永磁同步电机模型的基础上,提出一种基于估算电流模型的无速度传感器控制方法。常用控制算法适用速度范围有限、鲁棒性差、算法结合中的状态切换会导致运行不稳定,从而影响电机的起动性能、运行稳定性和低速性能,而该方法根据文中的原则选取观测器参数,在每个采样周期中,以估算电流值与实际检测电流值之间的误差来校正估算速度,电机能从静止状态直接矢量闭环快速起动。实验结果验证了分析设计的可行性和可靠性,电机从静止快速起动,能在1 s内从静止加速到额定转速(6 000 r/min),在高速运行时非常稳定,最大速度误差低于0.2%,低速运行带载能力强,在转速为2%额定转速时仍能满载稳定运行,这大大扩展了永磁同步电机的应用范围,具有较大的工程实用价值,并且已在工业产品中成功应用。

Based on the analysis of the permanent magnet synchronous motor（ PMSM） model, the paperproposes a speed sensorless control method based on the estimated current model. The commonly used algorithm has the following shortcomings： limited scope of applications, poor robustness,and the instability caused by switching states. Therefore, motor ＇s startup performance, operation stability, and low speed performance will be affected. The method proposed in this paper selects the observer parameters according to the described principle,uses the error signals between the estimation current and the actual detection current in each sampling period to correct the estimate speed value. By doing this,the motor can quickly start from the stationary state with closed-loop vector control. The experimental results verify the feasibility and reliability of the analysis and design. The motor can quickly start from the stationary state and be accelerated to the rated speed（ 6 000 r /min） from zero within 1s. In the high speed range,the performance is very stable and the maximum velocity error is less than 0. 2%. In thelow speed range,the motor has high loading capacity,i. e. it can still run stably with full load at 2% rated speed. These properties may greatly expand the applied range of the PMSM,have great engineering practical value,and have been successfully applied in industrial products.