道德行为的自由与责任析论

Freedom and Responsibility in Moral Actions

道德自我意识一旦走出意识的羁圈,便进入道德实践的领域。如果说,道德自我意识中的自由意志,仅为道德实践中的自由提供了认识上的可能性的话;那么,道德行为本身则是为实现这种可能性而作的努力。这个努力的结果是道德自由的真正实现。然而,由于道德生活实践领域的复杂性,道德行为实现真正自由的选择,并在这个自由选择中造就完美人性的理想的追求,总显得极为艰辛和曲折。道德行为的自由恰恰是在一系列非常不自由的条件下实现的。

Once going out of the custodial circle of sense, moral self-consciousness will enter into the field of ethical prac- tice. If we can say that the free will in moral self-consciousness only provides the possibility for understanding the freedom in moral practice, then moral actions themselves are efforts for the realization of such possibility. Such effort is the true re- alization of moral freedom. However, due to the complexity of practical moral life, the pursuit of achieving a truly free choice through moral actions, and creating the ideal of perfect human nature in this free choice, becomes extremely diffi- cult and tortuous. The freedom of moral actions are just accomplished in a series of very unfree conditions.