马斯洛的人本主义心理学对初中教学的启示

The Inspiration of Maslow's Humanistic Psychology to Junior High School Teaching

人本主义心理学是当代心理学的主要流派之一,它的不断发展对许多国家的教育教学产生了重要的影响。人本主义心理学提倡"以人为本,深化人格"的思想及自我实现的理论,对我国教育教学的不断发展起到了指导作用。人本主义心理学提出了"以人为中心"的教育主张,强调对学习者的尊重与信任,教育就是要激发和满足学生的自我实现和自我满足,要符合学生人性发展的实际需求,激发学生的创造力,鼓励学生主动学习。人本主义的这种教育主张在教育教学中被广泛应用。主要表现在教师角色定位,学生学习观,师生之间的互动关系和学习环境的宽松自主。

Humanistic psychology is a major school of contempo- rary psychology, whose continuous development has exerted great influence on education and teaching in many countries. Human- istic psychology advocates the idea of ＂people-orientation and deepening personality＂ and self-realization theory, which guides the continuous development of education and teaching in China. Humanistic psychology proposes ＂people-centered＂ education, emphasizing the respect for learners and the confidence in them. Education is to stimulate and meet students＇ self-realization and self-satisfaction, conforming to students＇ personality development and real needs, stimulating their creativity and encouraging their autonomous learning. Therefore, humanism is widely applied to education and teaching. It is mainly reflected in the teacher＇s role, their outlook on students as well as teacher-student interac- tion and a relaxed learning environment.