肉鸡屠宰过程中四种消毒剂对鸡胴体微生物、pH值和色泽的影响

Effects of Four Different Kinds of Disinfectants on Microorganism,pH Value and Skin Color of Carcass during Chicken Slaughtering

为选择肉鸡屠宰行业消毒剂次氯酸钠的替代品,以水为对照,选用过氧乙酸、乳酸、冰醋酸和次氯酸钠进行对比试验。鸡胴体在相应质量分数的消毒剂中浸泡25 min,测定浸泡前后消毒剂对鸡胴体表面菌落总数、大肠杆菌、大肠菌群、pH值和色泽的影响。结果:0.015%过氧乙酸、0.5%乳酸、1%冰醋酸和0.025%次氯酸钠的杀菌效果显著(P<0.05);在保证菌落总数杀菌率达到99%的条件下,0.015%过氧乙酸、0.5%乳酸、1%冰醋酸、0.025%次氯酸钠和对照组相比,胴体p H值和亮度值没有显著性差异(P>0.05);对于红度值来说,0.5%乳酸组与其他四组相比,显著降低了皮肤的红度值(P<0.05),使皮肤向发绿的方向变化,而其他四组之间的红度值没有显著性差异(P>0.05);0.5%乳酸组与其他四组相比,显著提高了皮肤的黄度值(P<0.05),使皮肤发黄现象明显,其他四组之间黄度值没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。试验结果表明:过氧乙酸和冰醋酸可以用来代替次氯酸钠,考虑经济因素,过氧乙酸是次氯酸钠最适合的替代品。

To select a suitable substitute for sodium hypochlorite which is used commonly in chicken slaughtering industry,this experiment compared the effects of peracetic acetic acid,lactic acid,acetic acid,sodium hypochlorite with water as control. Chicken carcass was soaking in specified mass fraction disinfectant for 25 minutes,then measured the effects of disinfectant on aerobic bacterial count,Escherichia coli,coliform,p H value and skin color of chicken carcass after soaking. This results showed that the sterilizing effects of 0.015% peracetic acetic acid,0.5% lactic acid,1% acetic acid and 0.025% sodium hypochlorite were significant（P0.05）. The p H value and L＊ value of carcass had no significant differences between 0.015% peracetic acetic acid,0.5% lactic acid,1% acetic acid and 0.025% sodium hypochlorite 0.015% and water control group after ensuring the aerobic bacterial count sterilization rate reached 99%（P0.05）. According to a＊ value,0.5% lactic acid significantly reduced the skin redness（P0.05）,which changed to green,and the other four groups had no significant difference（P0.05）;Compared to the other four groups,0.5% lactic acid improved the skin yellowness significantly（P0.05）,the skin yellowing phenomenon was obvious,there were no significant differences between the other four groups（P0.05）. Therefore,peracetic acetic acid and acetic acid could be used to replace sodium hypochlorite. Considering the economic factor,acetic acid was the most suitable substitute for sodium hypochlorite.