公共风险的防范与化解:政策与改革协同

Avoiding and Releasing Public Risks by Synergizing Policies and Reforms

在风险社会阶段,公共政策和改革是政府防范和化解公共风险的两种基本的手段。公共政策是公共风险的权威性分配,与市场相比较,它以政府强制力为后盾,具有资源和意识形态优势,在防范和化解公共风险方面具有规模效应,但不能有效防范和化解因法制障碍、体制障碍及公共权力滥用而造成的公共风险。改革是对公共风险的权威性再分配,是应对公共政策失灵的一项救济手段。为避免因改革而造成公共风险的瞬间放大和有效防范和化解公共风险,必须坚持政策与改革协同:确立公共风险导向的政策观,注重常态条件下公共政策防范和化解公共风险的基础性作用;在改革的不同阶段制定和实施不同的公共政策,确保公共风险的合理释放与公平化解;建立学习型政策扩散机制,降低改革风险,促成改革目标的实现。政策与改革协同,是今后一段时间我国防范经济下滑风险的根本举措。

At the stage of ＂risk society＂,policies and reforms are two fundamental ways to avoid and release public risks. Public policy is the authoritative allocation of public risk. For its being supperted by the coercive powers of government and having comparative advantages of resources and ideologies on market,public policy has size effect in avoiding and releasing public risks,however,it is not effective in preventing the risks that caused by legal obstacles,institutional barriers and the abuse of public power. As the reallocation of public risk,reforms are the remedies to policy failures. In order to avoid the expansion of public risks caused by reforms,policies and reforms should be synergized. That is to say,we must have the concept of public risk oriented policy and focus on the fundamental role of public policies to prevent and dissolove public risk in regular circumstances; different policies should be formulated and implemented in different stages of reform so that public risks could be avoided effectively and released impartially; the learning mechanism for policy diffusion should be established in order to lower the risks of reform and achieve its goal. Synergizing policies and reforms is a fundamental way for China to avoid the risk of economy downturn in the close future.