广西种植业结构效率分析——基于随机前沿分析(SFA)方法

ANALYSIS OF GUANGXI PLANTING STRUCTURE EFFICIENCY——BASED ON STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS( SFA) METHOD

为了探讨广西种植业结构的合理性及其效率水平,文章利用2003~2012年间广西14个地级市粮食作物与经济作物及其它农作物所占比例、广西种植业机械总动力、广西农村施肥量、广西农作物总播种面积及种植业从业人数等数据,采用随机前沿分析法,在全面考察广西种植业全要素效率的基础上,着重对广西静态种植业结构效率与动态种植业结构效率进行分析,发现广西种植业结构不合理,种植业结构效率处在较低水平且严重失衡,种植业效率逐年上升但全要素效率却逐年下降。建议在现有广西种植业各农作物种植比例的基础上,即2012年广西粮食作物与经济作物及其它农作物比例为1：1的基础上,进一步扩大广西经济作物及其它农作物种植面积,减少桂北、桂中、桂南地域自给型水稻种植面积。同时结合广西独特的自然环境与地域条件,找准中国与东盟两个市场的需求,扩大红水河两岸及以南地或低丘陵旱作农业区糖料蔗的种植面积,减少右江河谷的甘蔗种植面积,增加右江河谷的龙眼、荔枝、香蕉、小西红柿的种植面积与南菜北运蔬菜供给区的桂北、桂东及右江河谷的秋冬菜种植面积,适度增加各市名特药用作物的种植面积,调整种植业结构,发挥特色农作物优势,以提高广西种植业结构效率。

Based on the data of 14 prefecture- level cities in Guangxi province from 2003 to 2012,i. e.,the proportion of food crops and commercial crops and other agricultural crops,total power of the planting machinery of Guangxi province,rural fertilizing amount,total agricultural crops seeded area of Guangxi province,number of planting farmers data and so on,this paper mainly analyzed the efficiency of the planting structure of Guangxi province and comprehensively studied the total factor productivity of the planting industry of Guangxi province using the method of stochastic frontier analysis. The results showed that the planting industry structure in Guangxi was not reasonable,and its efficiency was low and imbalance which increased year by year but the total factors efficiency.So this article proposed to further enlarge the seeded area of commercial crop and reduce the food crop area,such as rice planting area of north,central,and south Guangxi district for promoting planting industry efficiency on the basis of the existing proportion of various crops of Guangxi planting industry. At the same time,based on the special natural conditions and geographical characteristics of Guangxi province and the demands of both markets of China and Association of Southeast Asian Nations,this paper proposed to change the unreasonable planting industry structure,the status of serious unbalance and low level of planting industry efficiency for promoting the planting industry structure efficiency. It should expand the sugar planting area in sides of Hongshui River,flat ground of central and south Guangxi,and dry farming agricultural district of lower hills,at the same time,reduce the sugarcane planting area in Right river valley,and increase the planting area of longan,Litchi chinensis,banana,tiny tomato in the Right river valley,increase autumn and winter vegetable planting area in north Guangxi,east Guangxi and the right river valley,and properly increase the planting area of famous and special medicine crops.