来源构成、支出分布及资源配置意蕴:美国高等教育科研经费研究

The Implications of Source Composition, Expenditure Distribution and Resource Allocation:the Research on American Higher Education Scientific Research Funds

政府拨款和非政府拨款是美国高等教育科研经费来源构成的主渠道。以机构基金、商业部门、非盈利组织为主的高等教育科研经费投入呈逐年增长趋势,与政府科研经费拨款呈并驾齐驱态势。从资源视角看,美国高等教育科研经费在来源上表现出"边界松散的市场化和政府诉求的导向化"特征,在科研经费支出上呈现"工具学科的富集化和人文学科的边缘化"趋势,在科研经费分享上彰显出"效率至上的竞争化和公私高校的无差别化"特色。

American higher education scientific research funds comes from government allocations and non-government allocations,which are the main channel of funds resource. The higher education scientific research funds,that the institutional funds,commercial department,non-government organizations has funded is increasing year by year,which has kept pace with government allocations. From the resource perspective,American higher education scientific research funds in source performances the marketization of boundary loose and the guidence of government demands characteristics. The scientific research expenditure presents the enrichment of tool subject and the marginalization of humanities trend,and the scientific research funds allocation highlights the competition of efficiency first and no differentiation of public and private colleges and universities characteristics.