兰州市城市治安时空特征分析

Analysis on the Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Urban Public Security in Lanzhou

治安问题防治是保障城市社会安全与稳定的重要环节。本文以兰州市主城区2014年警情数据为数据来源,选择发案率高且具有代表性的盗窃、两抢(抢劫类和抢夺类)、扒窃及诈骗4类案件为研究对象,运用空间面模式和空间点模式的GIS分析方法,分析了兰州市公共安全空间结构。结果表明:1)研究时段内,案发率呈季节性变化,夏秋季节案发率比较稳定,而冬春季节案发率变化幅度较大。2)4类案件总体在街道上表现为空间聚集分布。从区际尺度来看,城关区治安形势最为严峻;从街道尺度来看,张掖路、火车站等是案发"热点"区域;从案发点分布来看,西关十字、火车站等地属于犯罪"热点"。针对上述情况,宜加强热点附近的警力部署,加大巡逻力度,保障城市公共安全。

Security control is an important link to ensure social security and stability of the city. Based on the police intelligence data for the main city of Lanzhou in 2014 as data sources,Using GIS analysis methods,include spatial surface pattern and spatial point pattern,to analyze the spatial structure of Public Security in Lanzhou by choosing four kinds of cases like theft,robbery,theft and fraud as study object,which are representative and the incident rate are higher. The results show： 1） The characteristics of the seasonal variation of the incident rate is obvious during the study period,the crime rate is relatively stable in summer and autumn,but the rate varies greatly in winter and spring; 2） The overall performance of four kinds of cases are spatial aggregation distribution,Chengguan District public security situation is most severe than other districts from the regional scale; Zhangye Road,the Railway Station streets,etc are the ＂ hot＂ areas of crime from the street scale; Xiguan cross,the train station and Several other locations belong to the crime ＂ hot spots＂ from the view of the crime distribution point. In view of above situation,we should strengthen the deployment of police deployed near hot spots and increase patrols to protect the city public safety.