轮对中高频振动仿真模型

Simulation Model for Medium and High Frequency Vibration of Wheelset

由于常用的轮对刚体模型不能仿真分析轮对的中、高频振动,而轮对三维实体有限元模型在仿真分析轮对的中、高频振动时计算效率低,因此研究并建立梁(车轴)—板(辐板)—梁(轮箍)轮对有限元简化模型和梁(车轴)—刚体(车轮)轮对有限元简化模型;以CRH2型动车组为例,分别采用这2种简化模型计算轮对的固有频率和位移导纳,并与轮对三维实体有限元模型的计算结果进行对比。结果表明:梁—刚体轮对有限元简化模型只能真实反映轮对的扭转变形和1阶弯曲变形,可用于分析振动频率在100 Hz以下的轮对振动;当振动频率在2 000Hz以下时,梁—板—梁轮对有限元简化模型计算的轮对固有频率和轮轨力作用点处的位移导纳均与轮对三维实体有限元模型计算的很相近,因此适宜计算振动频率小于2 000 Hz的轮对振动,基本满足目前钢轨波磨分析的需求。

Since the common rigid body model of wheelset could not simulate and analyze the medium frequency and high frequency vibration of wheelset,and the computational efficiency of 3Dsolid finite element model of wheelset was very low,the simplified finite element models of beam（axle）-plate（web plate）-beam（tyre）and beam（axle）-rigid body（wheel）were studied and established.Taking the wheelset of CRH2 EMU for example,the two simplified models were used respectively to calculate the natural frequency and displacement admittance of wheelset.Then the calculated results were compared with those obtained from 3D solid finite element model of wheelset.Results show that the beam-rigid body finite element simplified model can truly reflect the torsional deformation and the first order bending deformation only,it can be used to analyze the wheelset vibration under the vibration frequency of 100 Hz.When the vibration frequency is below 2 000 Hz,the natural frequencies and the displacement admittance at wheelrail force acting point calculated by beam-plate-beam finite element simplified model are very similar to those obtained from 3D solid finite model.Therefore,the beam-plate-beam model is suitable for calculating the wheelset vibration under the vibration frequency of 2 000 Hz and can basically meet the requirements for the rail corrugation analysis.