中美空军飞行学员医学选拔对照实证研究--远视力

An empirical study on medical selection of flying cadets with distant vision between PLAAF and USAF

目的筛查我军定选因远视力原因淘汰学员按美军标准的评估情况,并对中美两军的医学选拔标准进行合理探讨,提出我军标准修改建议。方法统计我军2013—2015年招飞体检定选学员远视力不合格情况,并参考美军招飞医学标准,对不合格人数拟重新纳入选拔并对结果进行统计分析。结果近3年招飞体检学员因远视力不合格的构成比在2014年达45.8%,而在2015年降到34.0%,各年比重差异有统计学意义（χ^2=23.98,P〈0.05）。参考美军医学标准,远视力不合格淘汰的学员,保留比例在92.7%左右。结论美军招飞医学选拔标准在远视力方面较我军宽泛,并在屈光手术方面有详细的描述。建议我军仍需严把远视力质量关,若逐渐将成熟的角膜屈光手术技术加入标准后,可适当放宽标准。

Objective To screen the virtual qualified rate of our disqualified students by the US Medical Standards Directory on distant vision and to discuss the similarities and differences of Medical Standards Directory between PLAAF and USAF.Methods By surveying the unqualified rates of distant vision,and the qualified rates of our unqualified cadets referring to the US Medical Standards Directory from 2013 to 2015,results were statistically analyzed.Results From 2013 to 2015,the unqualified constituent ratio of distant vision was 45.8%in 2014,which declined to 34.0%in 2015,and there was significant difference in statistics among each year（X2=23.98,P〈0.05）.Upon referring to the US Medical Standards Directory,the myopia had a higher retention ratio of nearly 92.7%.There was only one retained of our unqualified cadets on hyperopia.Conclusion The US Medical Standards Directory is broad,specific,reasonable,and has a detailed description of refractive surgery.We suggest that we still should take a strict quality control on distant vision,and if we have put mature corneal refractive surgery technology into our medical standard,then we might broaden our Medical Standards Directory on distant vision gradually.