明代京卫武学幼官考

The Young Officer's Investigation in Ming Dynasty

在明代武官世袭制度的特殊历史背景下,产生了幼官这一群体,其作为军事管理的新生力量,对其教育培养也为统治者所重视。正统初复设武学,形成两京武学并立之制,选十五岁以上、二十五岁以下,熟闲骑射、精壮俊秀等幼官肄业其中,使幼官成为武学生员的重要组成部分。其在学年限一般为十年,十年以上无所教者,黜退送操。幼官进入武学对其自身以及军力产生了重要影响。

The special historical background that military attache hereditary system in Ming dynasty had produced the young officer group. As a new force of military management,the rulers paid great attention to their education.At the beginning year of Zheng Tong,Beijing’ s and Nanjing’ s martial arts were existed side by side. They chosen the handsome and strong young officers between the age of 15 to25 and were skilled in shooting to study in their school. By doing this,the young officers has been the important part of military students. Those young officers ’fixed number of learning year is ten years. If they learnt nothing,they will be dropped out of school. By choosing young officer into the martial had a significant influence not only to their own but also to the milit- ary strength.