上古时期共工氏的功绩——兼论“共工氏”与“共工”的区别

Gong Gong Clan's Merits in Ancient Times──Concurrently Discuss The Difference of “Gong Gong Clan” and “Gong Gong”

共工氏是上古时期一个重要的氏族,该氏族有着治水、平水土、掌百工、掌祭祀等诸多历史功绩。共工则是尧舜时期一个治水失败的人物。研究共工氏,应区分三皇时期的"共工氏"与尧舜时期的"共工",前者是一个氏族,后者是一个人物;前者被人神话,后者被人丑化。共工氏可能是"龚"姓的重要来源。

Gong Gong clan was an important clan in ancient times. The clan had a lot of historical contribution about water - control, harnesses the water and soil, in charge all sorts of workmen and in charge sacrifice. Gong Gong was a person who lived in the Yao and Shun period and he failed in the water - control. When studying Gong Gong clan, we should pay attention to the distinction between ＂Gong Gong clan＂ in the age of three emperors and ＂Gong Gong＂ in the Yao and Shun period. The former was a clan, and the latter was a character;the former was the myth, the latter being vilified. Gong Gong clan is maybe an important source of the surname ＂Gong＂.