热岛效应条件下学校塑胶场地安全性的调查研究——以武汉市学校为例

Safety of School Plastic Track and Field Ground under Condition of Heat Island Effect—In View of Schools in Wuhan

运用文献资料、问卷调查、实地测验及访谈等方法,对我国学校塑胶场地安全性进行研究。结果:(1)塑胶场地在我国大中小学使用率较高,且具有普及趋势;(2)由于塑胶场地构造结构特点,易形成了热岛效应,而且效果显著,胶面温度过高,容易引起塑胶中化学物质(DTI)释放有害气体,不利于师生健康;(3)塑胶场地热岛效应及释放有害气体,由场地的结构因素、塑胶材料因素、人为施工因素和法律法规因素决定。建议:(1)学校体育教学和体育活动,尽量避开高温天气,防止中暑、中毒;(2)建设塑胶场地时,进行规范化操作,使用环保材料(MDI),避免以次充好,确保塑胶质量;(3)完善法律法规制度,加强塑胶场地建设及使用监管。

Literature study,questionnaire,field test and interview were adopted to research on the safety of the school plastic track and field grounds in China.It could be seen that plastic track and field grounds were popular in primary schools,high schools and colleges.It was easy to form heat island effect using plastic when the surface temperature was too high,and the chemical material（DTI）in the plastic could release harmful gases,which was not conducive to the health of the teachers and the students.The heat island effects could caused by the structural factors of the grounds,the plastic material,the human errors or the lack of legal regulations.Therefore,sports activities should avoid high temperatures to prevent heat stroke and poisoning.The construction of the grounds should follow standardized rules and use environmentally friendly materials（MDI）in order to ensure the quality of the plastics.Moreover,the system of laws and regulations should be strengthened over the construction and supervision of the use of plastic grounds.