大萧条时期的美国金融改革及其影响

American Financial Reform during the Great Depression

20世纪30年代,为了应对大萧条,实现经济复苏,美国先后进行了两次金融改革,即胡佛金融改革和罗斯福金融改革。前者是后者的先导,后者是在前者基础上的发展与创新。罗斯福把胡佛金融改革中的权宜之计发展为长远规划,绘就了美国金融发展的蓝图。通过大萧条时期的金融改革,美国政府稳定了货币、建立了安全的金融体系、维护了金融秩序、实现了国家依照宪法对金融进行监管的原则,使美国金融业走上了有序、可持续发展的道路,为战后发展奠定了坚实的基础,同时,也为战后世界留下了宝贵的经验教训。

During the Great Depression,Hoover and F. D. Roosevelt implemented two financial reforms to revive the American economy. The first preluded the second,while the second expanded and renovated the first: Roosevelt changed expedients of Hoover's reform into long-term plans,thusly sketching the blueprint of American financial development. These reforms enabled the American government to stabilize the currency,establish a secured financial system,maintain the financial order,make financial policies,and realize government's constitutional regulations on finance. They led American financial industry to a healthy and sustainable route of development,and laid a solid foundation for the post-war economic boom. Their implications were precious: a nation should modernize its currency policies,and implement them in accordance with its own domestic circumstances; it should exert effective regulations on currency,and establish a sound financial system; the central government should regulate finance according to the constitution.