“大一统”视域下的清朝边疆文化——以桐城桂林方氏家族遣戍宁古塔为例

The Borderland Culture of the Qing Dynasty Under“Great Unification”-Taking the Clan of Fang in Tongcheng Exiled to Ningguta as an Example

桐城桂林方氏家族是明清时期典型的仕宦诗礼之家,其族人仕途显赫,珍视忠孝节义,在哲学、自然科学、文学等领域成就斐然。明清鼎革之际,方氏族人对清政权多持抵抗及不合作的态度。方氏父子在遣戍途中和遣戍地勤于著述,不仅记录了其生活经历和心路历程,而且留下了当时东北地区自然生态和社会民俗等方面的宝贵记录。他们还与吴兆骞等流人交往唱和,对边疆文化的提升和内地人民了解边疆文化发挥了重要作用。本文通过解读其诗文,分析其心态,指出其对东北边疆文化的贡献,及对清代"大一统"的实践认知。

The Fangs in Tongcheng is a typical clan of official and scholars in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Its clansmen hadillustrious official career, highly valued loyalty, filial piety, chastity and righteousness and made remarkable achievements inphilosophy, natural science, literature and other fields. Fang Gongqian and his sons were exiled to Ningguta on the excuse ofthe case of Jiangnan Provincial Examination. On the way to and in Ningguta, they were diligent in writing. Their worksrecorded not only their life experiences and spiritual path, but also the natural ecology and social customs in the Northeast.Their responsories with other people exiled like Wu Zhaoqian, played an important role for the promotion of the frontier cultureand the understanding of the frontier culture by the people in the Hinterland. Through careful study of their poetry and prose,this paper tries to analyze the state of their mentality, their contributions to the Northeast frontier culture, and their practicalrecognition of the Great Unification in the Qing Dynasty from their own practice.