基于不同体重和运动方法的底物代谢与能量消耗特征研究

The Characteristics of Substrate Metabolism and Energy Consumption in Obese and Normal Weight Students during Different Exercise Modes

目的:研究不同体重人群在平均耗氧量相同情况下两种不同运动方法底物代谢和能量消耗特征。方法:采用实验法获取肥胖组和正常体重组在持续运动和间歇运动过程中的底物代谢和能量消耗特征。受试者进行三项运动测试:(1)以50%VO2max的运动强度持续跑30min后恢复30 min。(2)以75%VO2max跑4 min间歇2 min为一组,连续进行5组后恢复30 min。(3)以100%VO2max跑3 min间歇3 min为一组,连续进行5组后恢复30 min。通过气体代谢法间接测定运动期、恢复期以及整个运动期和恢复期总的底物代谢和能量消耗量。结果:(1)在运动期,以50%VO2max强度运动时,糖氧化量、氧化供能比例、总能量消耗显著低于75%VO2max、100%VO2max强度的运动,脂肪氧化量、氧化供能比例显著高于100%VO2max强度的运动。(2)以50%VO2max及75%VO2max强度运动后的恢复期,糖氧化量、氧化供能比例显著高于100%VO2max强度的运动,脂肪氧化量、氧化供能比例总能量消耗显著低于100%VO2max强度的运动。(3)以50%VO2max及75%VO2max强度运动的运动期和恢复期整个过程中,糖氧化总量、总能量消耗明显低于100%VO2max强度的运动,而以50%VO2max强度运动的运动期和恢复期脂肪氧化总量显著高于100%VO2max强度的运动。结论:(1)在平均耗氧量相同情况下,运动期,持续性运动的脂肪代谢水平高于间歇运动,糖代谢水平、总能量消耗低于间歇运动;恢复期,持续性运动脂肪代谢水平总能量消耗低于间歇运动,糖代谢水平高于间歇运动。(2)在相同运动强度下,运动中以及运动后,肥胖组单位公斤体重的糖、脂肪代谢和能量消耗均低于正常体重组。建议:基于运动过程中能量消耗和底物代谢的特征,从能量消耗的角度,建议肥胖体重者在运动减肥时优先选择中等强度持续运动。由于高强度间隙运动在运动后脂肪的氧化量和供能比例较高,且随着运动强度增加变大,肥胖体重者可以把高强度间隙运动作为补充,发挥运动后过量氧耗的作用。

Objective To compare the substrate metabolism and energy expenditure of obese and normal weight students under the same average oxygen consumption during different training modes. Methods 8 obese students and 8 normal weight students were recruited in this study. They were asked to perform following 3exercises：（1）single bout of 30-min running at the intensity of 50% VO2 max,（2）five bouts of 4-min interval running（IR）at the intensity of 75% VO2 maxwith an interval of 2 minutes;（3）five bouts of 3-min IR at the intensity of 100%VO2maxwith an interval of 3 minutes. The substrate metabolism and energy expenditure of the subjects during and after the exercise were determined through MAX II gas analyzer. Results（1）The carbohydrate（CHO）-oxidation,proportion of energy from CHO-oxidation,and total energy consumption during single bout of 30-min running at the intensity of 50% VO2 maxwere significantly lower than five bouts of 4-min IR at the intensity of 75% VO2 maxand 100% VO2 max,and fat-oxidation and proportion of energy from fat-oxidation during single bout of 30-min running at the intensity of 50% VO2 maxwere significantly higher than five bouts of 4-min IR at the intensity of 100% VO2 max.（2）The CHO-oxidation,proportion of energy from CHO-oxidation after single bout of running at the intensity of 50%VO2maxand 5 bouts of IR at the intensity of75% VO2 maxwere significantly higher than after IR at the intensity of 100% VO2 max,and fat-oxidation and proportion of energy from fat-oxidation after single bout of 30-min running were significantly lower than five bouts of 4-min IR at the intensity of 100% VO2 max.（3）The CHO-oxidation,proportion of energy from CHO-oxidation during and after single bout of running at the intensity of 50% VO2 maxand 5 bouts of IR at the intensity of 75% VO2 maxwere significantly lower than 5 bouts of IR at the intensity of 100% VO2 max. The fat-oxidation and proportion of energy from fat-oxidation during and after single bout of running were significantly higher than 5-bout of IR at the intensity of 100%VO2max.（4）Under the same exercise intensity,the metabolism level of carbohydrate and fat, and energy expenditure per kilogram in obese group were lower than in normal body weight group. Conclusion It was suggested that continuous exercise at the moderate intensity was suitable for obese individuals.