林业与文学——清水江流域民族民间文学反映的营林活动与贸易纠纷

Forestry and Literature——Forestry Activities and Trade Disputes Reflected in the Folk Literature at Qingshui River Basin

清水江流域苗侗人民历史上就与林业生产结下了不解之缘,清代民国时期随着林业市场的形成,实现林业发展的良性循环,达到"富民兴林"的效果。在长期林业经营活动中形成的林木种植、买卖贸易、林农的生计以及与此相关的木商文化,这些通过各类民族民间文学作品中得以体现。如神话中的杉树种植;传说中的"女儿杉";诗歌中反映"林粮关系";"贾·理"中体现的林业生计;民歌反映的文化教育状况;"说唱本"传唱的"争江"纠纷和谚语中表达的林业知识等。

Miao and Dong peoples at Qingshui River Basin have had very close relation with the forestry production in histo- ry. In the late of Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, with the formation of forestry market, there came the virtuous circle of the forestry development, and the effect of ＂prosperous Guizhou and wealthy people＂. Trees planting, business and trade, the livelihood of forest, and culture related to wood, which has been formed in the long- term forestry activities, are embodied in all kinds of folk literature, such as, the fir tree planting in the myth, the legendary of ＂Daughter Fir＂, the relation between forest and food reflected in the poetry, the forestry livelihood in ＂Jia＂ and ＂Li＂, the status of cultural education reflected in folk songs, the disputes of fighting for the river, and the proverbs expressing knowledge of forestry, etc.