秦岭黑河流域春季浮游生物群落结构特征

Structure Characteristic of Plankton Community in Spring in The Qinling Heihe River Basin

2014年4月在秦岭黑河库区和上游水源地流域11个样点采集浮游生物水样。经实验室鉴定,共发现浮游植物5门35种（属）。其中以硅藻门为主,占25种（属）,绿藻门5种（属）,裸藻门2种（属）,隐藻门2种（属）,蓝藻门1种（属）。浮游植物密度在13.0×10^4-79.5×10^4 cells/L之间,平均密度45.39 cells/L,生物量介于0.24-1.73 mg/L,平均生物量0.97 mg/L;共检出浮游动物4大类19种（属）。其中原生动物8种（属）,轮虫7种（属）,枝角类和桡足类各2种（属）,浮游动物密度范围为1.0-22.8 ind./L,生物量范围为0.6-14.0 mg/L。浮游植物Shannon-Wiener指数（H＇）介于2.05-3.73之间,辛普森多样性指数（D）介于0.59-0.91之间,Pielous均匀度指数（J＇）介于0.59-0.89之间。总体来看,春季秦岭黑河流域水质清洁,浮游生物群落结构较为单一,多样性较低,属于贫-中营养型水体。

The water samples of plankton were collected from 11 sites in the Heihe reservoir and the upper reaches of Qinling Heihe River Basin in spring 2014, and the laboratory analysis showed that 35 species of plankton were identified, which belonged to 5 phylum. Among them, Bacillariophyta was the largest phylum,included 25 species, Chlorophyta included 5 species, Euglenophyta included 2 species, Cryptophyta included 2species, and Cyanophyta included 1 species. The density of plankton were 13.0 ×10^4-79.5 ×10^4cells/L and the average density was 45.39 cells/L. The biomass was 0.24-1.73 mg/L with the 0.97 mg/L of the average biomass. In the meanwhile, 19 zooplankton species belonged to 4 phylum. Protozoa included 8 species, Rotifera included 7species, Copepod and Cladocera included 2 species, respectively. The density of zooplankton were 1.0-22.8 ind./L and the biomass was 0.6-14.0 mg/L. The diversity index（H＇）, Simpson diversity index（D）, and Pielous evenness index（J＇） of phytoplankton were between 2.05-3.73, 0.59-0.91, and 0.59-0.89, respectively. In general, the water quality of Qinling Heihe River basin in spring was clean with simple plankton community structure and lower bio-diversity, and the water body was in a poor or mesotrophic level.