新中国高等教育发展道路的历史考察——基于后发展理论的分析

The Historical Investigation on the Higher Education Development Path of New China:Analysis from the Theory of Late Development

新中国成立以来的高等教育发展与建设过程既是高等教育现代化过程的一个重要阶段,也是高等教育落后国家赶超先进国家的过程。这种赶超型发展特色源于初始道路的选择,有其历史必然性。在后发展理论看来,落后国家要成功摆脱边缘化困局,必须在初始阶段实现与国际体系的隔断,并在合适时机重新融入国际体系。新中国高等教育的发展恰恰经过了与国际体系隔断与融入两个阶段,它们从不同方面塑造了高等教育的发展道路。作为后发展国家,中国高等教育要实现理性发展,必须着力推进高等教育宏观治理转型,进而实现高等学校发展的转型。

Since the foundation of New China,the higher education development and construction process became the important period of higher education modernization,as well as the journey of higher education backward country catching-up the developed country.Such catch-up development had its historical inevitability,due to the choice of the initial path.From the late development theory,to get rid of the marginalization,the backward country must separate from the international system in the initial phase,and integrate into the international system again at the right moment.Exactly,the higher education development of new China experienced such two phases of separation and integration,which shaped the development path from different aspects.As the backward country,China should promote the transformation of higher education macroscopical governance for the transformation of higher education institutions,in order to realize the rational development.