浅析德国应用技术大学与政府关系的特点

Analysis on the Characteristics of Relationship between Universities of Applied Sciences and Governments in Germany

应用技术大学自20世纪60年代以来为德国飞速发展的新兴产业及"经济奇迹"做出了重要贡献。在40多年的发展过程中,应用技术大学与政府关系经历了联邦与州政府先后独立支配应用技术大学阶段、联邦与州政府共同管理应用技术大学阶段和联邦与州政府战略合作促进应用技术大学自主权扩大阶段。两者互动特点鲜明,即"地方性"决定应用技术大学与政府关系的基本模式,市场机制影响应用技术大学与政府关系的架构,学术权威有力协调着应用技术大学与政府的关系。

Universities of applied sciences had made important contributions to the rapid development of new industries and the emerging ＂economic miracle＂ since the 1960 sin Germany.During the past 40 years,the relationship between universities of applied sciences and governments had gone through three stages,namely,the federal and state governments＇ independent supervision of universities of applied sciences,the federal and state governments＇ jointly supervising universities of applied sciences,and the federal and state governments＇ strategic cooperation to expand the autonomy of universities of applied sciences.Interaction between universities of applied sciences and government had distinct characteristics,namely,that localization decided the basic relationship mode of the universities and governments;that market mechanism affected the relationship structure;and that academic authority effectively coordinated the relationship between the universities and governments.