天山北麓汉回哈族婴幼儿被动吸烟流行现况分析

Epidemiological survey and analysis on infants passive smoking in Han,Hui and Kazakh ethnic group in North of Tianshan Mountains

目的 调查天山北麓汉、回、哈萨克族婴幼儿被动吸烟的流行现况。方法 2014年11月-2015年8月,采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,选取天山北麓乌鲁木齐市、石河子市和沙湾县568名婴幼儿的家长进行问卷调查。结果 婴幼儿被动吸烟率为40.5%,其中在家中为28.7%,在公共场所为17.8%。汉族婴幼儿被动吸烟率为47.2%,回族为32.3%,哈萨克族为29.6%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）。婴儿被动吸烟率为34.9%,1-2岁幼儿为44.0%,2-3岁幼儿为46.3%,婴幼儿随年龄增长被动吸烟率随之增加,且各年龄段汉族婴幼儿被动吸烟率均高于回族和哈萨克族,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 婴幼儿被动吸烟现象比较普遍,控制婴幼儿被动吸烟面临巨大挑战,应采取措施,创建无烟家庭和无烟公共场所,为婴幼儿创造无烟的成长环境。

Objective To investigate the current status of infants passive smoking in Han, Hui and Kazakh ethnic groups in North of Tianshan Mountains. Methods From November 2014 to August 2015, a method of stratified random cluster sample was used to investigate 568 infants＇ parents by a face-to-face questionnaire at Urumqi City, Shihezi City and Shawan County in north of Tiansban Mountains. Results The passive smoking rate of infants was 40. 5% in totally, and 28.7% at home and 17.8% in public respectively. The passive smoking rate of Han ethnic group infants was 47.2%, 32. 3% in Hui ethnic group and 29. 6% in Kazakh ethnic group, respectively. Different ethnic groups showed significant differences （P〈0.001）. The passive smoking rate among infants aged under 1 year old was 34. 9%, the percentage in infants aged 1 to 2 year old was 44. 0% , and the percentage in infants aged 2 to 3 year old infants was 46. 3%, respectively. The passive smoking rates increased with age, and the passive smoking rate in each age stage of Han ethnic group was higher than Hui and Kazakh ethnic groups, which showed significant differences （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Passive smoking was very common in infants, it is a huge challenge to control passive smoking, corresponding measures should be taken to create smoke-free environment for infants growing at home and in public places.