2013年鞍山市15岁及以上人群烟草调查报告

Survey of urban resident aged 15 and above tobacco use in Anshan City,2013

目的系统地监测鞍山市城市15岁及以上人群烟草使用状况,通过具有代表性的样本人群中的烟草控制的关键指标,评价MPOWER系列政策的执行情况,为制定有效的干预措施提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样设计,在全市抽取了25个居民社区作为初级抽样单位,从每个初级抽样单位随机选出100个家庭户开展入户访谈,并从每个家庭户中选出1名符合入选标准的家庭成员进行个人问卷调查。结果鞍山市城区15岁及以上人群中,吸烟率为23.4%。男性吸卷烟率为44.0%,女性吸卷烟率为2.8%。在过去12个月内,17.6%吸烟者至少尝试一次戒烟。5.4%的调查对象考虑戒烟。在过去12个月内拜访过医务人员的吸烟者中,51.0%被建议戒烟。42.3%从事室内工作的成人在工作场所暴露于二手烟。每10个调查对象中有5个在报纸或杂志上看到控烟信息。62.1%的调查对象认为吸烟导致心肌梗死,54.6%的调查对象认为吸烟导致中风,29.5%的调查对象认为吸烟导致阴茎勃起障碍。61.9%的调查对象认为二手烟导致成人心脏疾病,89.0%的调查对象认为二手烟导致成人肺癌,78.7%的调查对象认为二手烟导致儿童肺部疾病。结论目前吸烟者中尝试戒烟、成功戒烟的比例较低,多数吸烟者从不考虑戒烟问题,医务人员对于吸烟者的劝阻吸烟效果不明显。对于吸烟、被动吸烟会导致肺癌的知晓率很高,然而其他致病因素的知晓率却较低。

Objective To understand tobacco use status of residents aged 15 and above in Anshan City, evaluate the implementation of MPOWER package, and to provide evidence for developing effective interventions in adult tobacco control. Methods A multi-stage cluster sampling design was adopted. A sample of 25 city communities was chosen as primary sampling units. Among each primary sampling unit, 100 households were selected randomly to carry out household interviews and one family member from each households who met the inclusion criteria were selected to conduct personal questionnaires. Results Cigarette smoking rate in smokers aged 15 years old and above was 23.4% , while the rates of male and female cigarette smoking were 44. 0% and 2. 8% respectively. In the past 12 months, 17. 6% of smokers tried to quit at least once and 5.4% of respondents considered to quit smoking. Among the smokers who had visited doctors in the past 12 months, 51.0% of the smokers were advised to quit smoking by doctors. 42. 3% of respondents who engaged an indoor work were exposed to secondhand smoke in their workplace. Every 5 persons of 10 respondents had seen tobacco control information from newspapers or magazines. 62. 1% of respondents beheved that smoking could cause heart attack. 54.6% of them believed that smoking could lead to stroke and 29. 5% of them believed that smoking may cause erectile dysfunction. 61.9% of respondents believed that secondhand smoking could cause heart disease of adults and 89.0% of respondents believed that secondhand smoking could cause lung cancer of adults. Moreover, 78.7% of respondents believed that secondhand smoking could cause lung disease of children. Conclusion There were few smokers who tried to quit smoking or had quit smoking successfully currently. Most smokers had never thought about quitting problem. The effects of smoking dissuasion from the medical staffs were not obvious. People had high awareness that smoking and secondhand smoking may cause lung cancer while had low awareness about the other risk factors.