早期个体化综合干预在妊娠糖尿病患者中的效果评价

Implementation and evaluation of early individualized comprehensive intervention of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

目的探讨早期个体化综合干预在妊娠糖尿病患者中的实施及效果。方法采用方便抽样方法,选取160例妊娠糖尿病患者,按照随机数法随机分为对照组(80例)和干预组(80例),干预组患者实施个体化综合干预,对照组患者采用常规干预,比较2组患者的干预效果。结果干预后,干预组患者妊娠糖尿病对孕妇的危害(91.3%),对胎儿的危害(100.0%),饮食控制的重要性(85.0%),合理有氧运动的重要性(87.5%),定期监测血糖的重要性(97.5%),生育后的预后(82.5%)等知识知晓率均高于对照组(P<0.05);干预组患者严格控制饮食(83.8%),定期监测血糖(88.8%),合理有氧运动(87.5%),控制体重(82.5%)等遵医行为均高于对照组(P<0.05);干预组患者妊娠结局(包括妊高征、孕期感染、羊水过多、剖宫产),围生儿结局(包括巨大儿、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、新生儿低血糖)的发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论早期个体化综合干预可以提高妊娠糖尿病患者的疾病相关知识和遵医行为,改善母儿妊娠结局。

Objective To evaluate the early individualized comprehensive intervention of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM）. Methods By convenience sampling method, the selected patients with gestational diabetes were randomly included in control group and intervention group with each of 80 cases. Cases in control group were carried out routine health education, while cases in intervention group were carried out early individualized comprehensive intervention. Results After the intervention, the knowledge of the dangers of GDM in pregnant women （91.3%） and the fetus （ 100. 0% ）, the importance of the diet control （ 85. 0% ）, reasonable aerobics （ 87. 5% ）, regularly monitor glucose （97.5%） and the prognosis after birth （82. 5% ） of the intervention group were significantly higher than that in control group （P〈0.05 ）. The compliance behavior ofdiet control （83.8%）, regularly monitor glucose （88.8%）, reasonable aerobics （87.5% ） and weight control （82.5% ） of the intervention group were significantly higher than that of control group （P 〈 0.05）. Compared with the control group, the pregnancy outcome （ pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, infection in pregnant, polyhydramnios and cesarean section） and perinatal outcome （macrosomia, fetal distress, neonatal asphyxia neonatal hypoglycemia） were significantly decreased （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01 ）. Conclusion The early individualized comprehensive intervention can enhance the cognitive level of disease of GDM and compliance behavior, and improve the maternal and fetal outcomes.