亚投行环境与社会保障政策之检思——以磋商程序与问责机制为重点

View on the Environmental and Social Policy of AIIB:Focus on Consultation Process and Accountability Mechanism

亚投行于2015年9月公布了《环境与社会框架草案》,并同部分利益关联方进行了首轮磋商。民间环境与社会保障组织对草案的磋商程序与实质内容提出了大量专业、详细且中肯的意见与建议,指出首轮磋商程序存在时间安排过短、磋商方式过于粗糙、参会利益关联方范围过窄等问题。其后亚投行于2016年2月26日公布了正式的《环境与社会框架》。相较于草案,其对申诉机制的规定有重要改进,但依然欠缺问责机制的具体规定。在今后的磋商程序中,亚投行应挑选边缘利益关联方代表参与磋商会议并延长磋商时间,精化《环境与社会框架》用词以明确银行的作为义务,订立更加细致的人权标准的适用规范,并在现有申诉机制的基础上加强其问责性。

The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank（ AIIB） published the Consultation Draft of Environmental and Social Framework and started the first round of consultation in September,2015.The civil organizations provided a range of professional and pertinent advice and suggestions about the consultation progress and contents of the draft,which pointed out that there were flaws in the time arrangement,the consultation method,and the screening of stakeholders in the first round of consultation.Then AIIB published the formal version of Environmental and Social Framework in February 26,2016.Compared with the draft,the official version importantly revised the Grievances part,but it still has omission in rules of accountability mechanism.This paper is on the basis of the reorganization of the doubts from civil organizations and the improvements in the official version,which reviews the development process of AIIB briefly,focuses on the ideas and principles of consultation process and accountability mechanism in Environmental and Social Policy,and suggests in principle that in the future consultation process,the bank should select the representatives of marginal to participate in the consultation and extend the time of the consultation process,moreover,make the words more accurate in the framework to specific the obligation for the bank to act;make more detailed rules in application of human rights standards,and strengthen the accountability of grievance redress mechanisms.