刑法谦抑主义的西方图景与中国表达

The Western Prospect and China's Expression of the Modesty of Criminal Law

刑法谦抑主义是西方(特别是大陆法系国家)刑法理论的重要组成部分,我国学者将其等同于刑法的经济性或者刑法的补充性,并将刑法谦抑性的基本表现形式理解为非犯罪化。事实上,非犯罪化是刑法谦抑主义的西方图景,适应于其刑法分则所采取的"立法定性,司法定量"的立法模式,因而以此为立场来评价我国刑法立法并不合适。我国《刑法》分则采取的是"立法定性又定量"的立法模式,对刑法谦抑主义提出了新的要求,即刑法谦抑主义不仅应当强调刑罚处罚的必要性,还要求刑罚方法与其他处罚方法衔接。因而,刑法谦抑主义在我国虽然没有以非犯罪化为主要表现,但我国的犯罪化历程并不违反刑法谦抑主义,反而恰恰表达了刑法谦抑主义。

Modesty of criminal law is the important part of criminal law theory in west world（ especially in the countries belonging to continental law system）.Chinese scholars equal modesty of criminal law to efficiency or supplementary of criminal law,and think that the basic form of modesty of criminal law is decriminalization.In fact,decriminalization is the western prospect of modesty of criminal law,which adapts to its legislative model of ＂determining the nature in legislation,determining the quantity in justice ＂adopted by the specific provisions of criminal law.So,it is not appropriate to evaluate China＇s criminal legislation on the standpoint of western modesty of criminal law.China＇s criminal law adopts the legislative model of ＂determining the nature and quantity all in legislation＂,which puts forward new demand for modesty of criminal law：Modesty of criminal law should not only attach importance to the necessity of punishment with penalty,but also link punishment with penalty to other punishments.Thus,the main manifestation of modesty of criminal law is not decriminalization in China,but China＇s history of criminalization does not violate modesty of criminal law.On the contrary,it expresses modesty of criminal law precisely.