虚假民事诉讼的形成机制与风险控制——从经济视角分析

Analysis about the Formation Mechanism and Risk Control in False Civil Actions——from Economic Perspective

以经济分析方法研究虚假诉讼的成因,可以在微观层面剖析虚假诉讼行为的成本与收益。虚假诉讼的成本包括直接成本和失败的风险成本,收益则以经济利益为主。直接成本较低、失败的风险可控,有利于行为人达到成本最小化目的,从而提高了虚假诉讼的成本与收益之比,且这就是虚假诉讼多发的主要原因。提高虚假诉讼被发现的几率、加重对虚假诉讼的惩罚、提高虚假诉讼失败的风险成本是遏制虚假诉讼的主要手段。

Analyzing the causes of false civil actions on an economic basis helps expose their cost and benefit from a micro level.Their cost includes direct cost and the risk cost for failure while the benefit is mainly economic interests.As the direct cost is low and the risk is controllable,the doer can minimize the cost while maximize the cost benefit ratio,which leads to frequent occurrence of false civil actions.False civil actions can be restrained by increasing the rate of exposure and punishment,more severe punishment and higher risk cost for failure.