生物炭施用量对土壤改良及烤烟生长的影响

Effect of Biochar Application Amount on the Soil Improvement and the Growth of Flue-cured Tobacco

为了改良土壤容重,筛选优化生物炭施用量,以湖南烟区主要栽培品种云烟87为试验材料,通过大田试验研究3种不同的生物炭用量对田间土壤改良及烤烟生长的影响。结果表明,施用生物炭能够显著降低土壤容重,提高田间持水量,土壤容重与施炭量呈负相关,田间持水量与施炭量呈正相关。生物炭用量在3 750kg·hm^(-2)水平下,烤烟的植物学性状优良,干物质积累量大,烟株根系发达,根冠比协调,且氮肥利用率显著提高,但随着施炭量继续升高,烤烟的生长发育又相对受到抑制。综上所述,生物炭施用量为3 750kg·hm^(-2)较为适宜。本研究结果对利用生物炭改良植烟土壤,促进优质烟叶生产有一定的理论指导意义。

In order to improve soil bulk density,the main cultivars of Hunan tobacco growing area Yunyan 87 was selected as testing material,to optimize the use level of biochar. Effects of three different dosage of biochar on soil improvement and tobacco growth in the field were also studied. The results showed that the amount of biochar can significantly reduce soil bulk density and increase field capacity. Soil bulk density was negatively correlated with the amount of biochar,while field capacity was positively correlated with it. Tobacco showed good botany quality traits,great dry matter accumulation,well-developed root system and coordinated root to shoot ratio when the use level of biochar was below 3750kg·hm^- 2,which can significantly improve nitrogen use efficiency of flue-cured tobacco. But growth of flue-cured tobacco was restrained with the increased usage level of biochar. Therefore,the biochar usage at a level of 3750kg·hm^- 2was more appropriate. The results of this study bear a certain theoretical guiding significance on the using of biochar improved soil and promoting high quality tobacco production.