北部湾北部沿岸渔场2015年伏季休渔效果评价

Assessment on achievements of summer fishing moratorium in coastal fishing grounds in northern Beibu Gulf,2015

位于20°30'N以北的北部湾沿岸渔场是鱼类的重要产卵场及仔稚鱼发育长成场所,适宜实施渔业资源恢复行动。1999年起,我国每年在北部湾实施伏季休渔,桁杆拖网和灯光罩网属于休渔作业类型。本研究采用广西渔船生产调查数据,通过休渔前后的指标对比评价休渔的效果。研究结果表明,2015年桁杆拖网和灯光罩网的捕捞努力量和产量分别占沿岸渔场总量的80.86%和78.27%;休渔后,桁杆拖网和灯光罩网渔船的平均单位捕捞努力量渔获率(CPUE)分别增加了28.23%和13.73%;主要渔获种类产量的所占比例分别增加7.52%和42.05%;主要经济种类产量的所占比例分别增加17.47%和60.29%;渔船日均利润增加110.90%和20.32%。本文建议中国和越南在北部湾共同实施伏季休渔,以降低渔场捕捞强度,促进北部湾渔业资源恢复和养护。

Coastal fishing grounds in northern Beibu Gulf is N20°30＇ Lat. It is an important inhabit for laying eggs,the growth of larvae and juveniles of fishes in Beibu Gulf. Programs concerning recovery of fishery resource are supposed to be done here. From 1999, summer fishing moratorium（ SFM） has been implemented in Beibu Gulf,covering beam trawl and light falling-net. Based on data collected from Guangxi fishing boats,this paper evaluated the effects of SFM by comparison of relevant indexes before and after SFM.Research and study turned out that fishing efforts and catches of trawling and light-falling in coastal fishing grounds in 2015 occupied 80. 86% and 78. 27% of the totals respectively. After SFM in 2015,average CPUE of trawling and light-falling boats increased by 28. 23% and 13. 73%. At the same time,proportion of dominant species in total catches of the two fishing methods increased by 8. 33% and 64. 81%; proportion of staple commercial species in total catches increased by 8. 33% and 64. 81% respectively. Daily profits of trawling and light-falling boats jumped by 110. 90% and 20. 32% after SFM. This paper proposes that China and Vietnam join hands to carry out SFM,in order to alleviate fishing efforts upon the grounds,to promote maintenances and recovery of the fishery resource in Beibu Gulf.