唐山市小麦蚜虫发生规律及防控时期研究

Occurrence and Critical Controlling Period of Wheat Aphids in Tangshan

为更好地指导小麦蚜虫综合防控,减少麦蚜大量发生对小麦产量和品质的危害,于2012-2013年度,采用对角线五点取样法,对唐山市小麦主产地玉田县、滦南县、丰润区小麦返青至乳熟期的小麦有蚜株数和百株蚜量进行了多地多点田间调查,研究了小麦返青期-乳熟期麦蚜发生情况的变化规律。结果表明:唐山市麦蚜返青期-孕穗期有蚜株数和百株蚜量发生量很少,进入抽穗期时开始成量级增加,扬花期、灌浆期达到高峰。麦蚜发生呈跃变式、量级式的规律增加。唐山市麦蚜防治最佳时间为小麦营养生长末期到生殖生长始期,即小麦抽穗期或抽穗期-扬花期,扬花期后防治,将对小麦产量和品质产生较大负面影响。灌浆期后麦蚜数量大幅下降,不作为唐山市防治麦蚜的重点。

In order to guide the integrated control of wheat aphids,field surveys were conducted by using diagonal five point sampling method at three representative sites （Yutian,Luannan and Fengrun） of Tangshan city, Hebei province from 2012 to 2013. Sampling was conducted from returning green stage to grain filling stage. Twelve plots were set up at each site. The results demonstrated that Sitobion avenae,Schizaphis graminum and Rhopalosiphum padi were observed to damage the winter wheat from returning green stage to grain filling stage. Sitobion avenae and Schizaphis graminum were the dominant species. Before the jointing stage,the number of plants infested by aphids per 100 wheat plants and the amount of aphids on each hundred wheat plants increased very slowly. Aphid population showed a leap-dramatically increase from heading stage and reached the peak at the blooming-filling stage. Higher temperatures and drought stress contributed for the high population density and early occurrence of wheat aphids in the study area. It showed that the best period for controlling wheat aphids was heading-blooming stage in terms of wheat aphids control efficiency, damage reduction and wheat yield and quality.