冷藏集装箱内部流场的动态数值模拟与验证

Dynamic numerical simulation and experimental research on internal flow field of refrigerated containers

冷藏集装箱流场的均匀性是影响食品储存质量的重要因素之一。通过CFD建立三维非稳态模型,利用FLUENT软件对所建立的模型进行不同参数的模拟分析,讨论温度场、速度场以及货物堆码对冷藏集装箱流场的影响,进而得出结论:冷藏集装箱内的流场存在明显的不均匀性,箱体前部与后部的温度存在明显的波动,不利于货物的储存;送风速度以及货物堆码方式的改变都会影响箱内流体的分布情况,进而影响到换热效果;综合温度场与速度场以及食品储存,冷藏集装箱合理送风速度为5 m/s左右;四体式堆码方式优于其它两种堆码方式。验证实验中实测温度与模拟温度的平均偏差在1.1℃左右,两者偏差不大,说明所建立的模型适用于冷藏集装箱内流场的模拟。

The flow field uniformity in refrigerated container is one of the important factors that affect the food storage quality.Based on numerical simulation approach,three-dimensional unsteady computational fluid dynamics（CFD）model of refrigerated container has been established to find the air flow characteristics in this paper.A computational fluid dynamics program FLUENT has been used to predict the unsteady air flow and temperature fields inside the refrigerated container.The air flow and temperature fields inside the refrigerated container and the effect of stacking method on the air flow and temperature fields have been discussed.The numerical result shows that the air flow and temperature distribution are very serious for the refrigerated container.And the temperature of the front and the rear portion is obviously different and that is not conducive to storage of goods.It also found that different wind speed and stacking method greatly affects temperature flow field distribution in the cabinet,and the heat transfer performance.Integrated temperature and velocity field and food storage,the reasonable air supply rate of refrigerated container is about 5 m/s.Four-piece stack is superior to the other two stacking method.Method of contrast verification was used to verify the correctness of the model in this paper.And the average deviation of experimental data and simulated result is about 1.1 ℃,which showed that the model was appropriate to the simulation of the flow distribution in refrigerated container.