汉语方言主观时量时间词的共时分布与历时考察

The Synchronic Usage and Diachronic Analysis of Words Denoting Subjective Time Section in Chinese Dialect

汉语方言表一会儿及一段时间义的主观时量词的分布具有明显的地域色彩。它们主要有四个来源:(1)由偏正式动词短语发展演变而来;(2)由原指延续一段时间的动作转指而来;(3)从客观时量词引申为主观时量词;(4)由空间距离隐喻为主观时量词。系统中的一些成员经历了消长,有的一开始就带有地域性。方言主观时量表达系统在宋元时期大体已经定型。

The distribution of subjective time words which mean a little while or a section of time shows obvious regional features. There are four main origins ： （ 1 ） they are the developmentand evolution of subordi- nate verbs. （2） Transferred referent of verbs whose original meaning ismovements lasting for a section of time. （3） Extended objective time words to subjective time words. （4） Space time is a metaphor for subjective time. Some members of the system grew ordeclined. Some showed regional features in the beginning. The ex- pression system of subjectivetime in Chinese dialect has been formed on the whole in Song or Yuan dynasty.