论1950年代留苏生的派出——中苏关系的另一面

The Other Side of Sino-Soviet Relations——Chinese Students Studying in the Soviet Union in the 1950s

在中国近现代史和中苏关系史中,有过两次规模和影响较大的中国学生赴苏留学运动——1920年代"留苏潮"和1950年代"留苏潮"。20世纪50年代,国家曾有计划并大规模地向苏联派遣留学生。1950年代的留苏生是建国初期中共鉴于国内需要和国际形势的发展作出的决定,是在当时"学习苏联热潮"的背景下选派的。1950年代留苏生的派出是一种自上而下的政策制定、层层选拔的过程,是"国家行为"下的一种留学运动。因此,留苏生的派遣既受当时中国国家政策变化的影响,也因其"国家行为"的色彩,应时反映了国家政策的变化。

In modern and contemporary Chinese history as well as the history of Sino-Soviet relations,there were two studying-abroad movements of Chinese students both on a large scale and making a big influence.That is,the boom of studying in the Soviet Union in the 1920 sand 1950s.In the 1950 s,the Chinese Communist Party sent students to the Soviet Union in a planned way and on a large scale.Chinese students studying in the Soviet Union in the 1950 swere sent on the background of the upsurge of studying from the Soviet Union.At the beginning of the establishment of the People＇s Republic of China,the Chinese Communist Party made the decision of sending students to the Soviet Union on the basis of domestic need and international situation.The sending of students to the Soviet Union is a course of making policy and strict selection from top to bottom,so that it can be viewed as an act of state.Therefore,the sending of students to the Soviet Union is not only influenced by the change of national policy,but also it reflects the development of national policy.