20世纪前期梁漱溟多元化大学教育思想探析

The Ideas of University Education of Liang Shuming in Early Twentieth Century

梁漱溟是近代中国的国学大师,新儒家早期代表人物之一,著名教育家。在19世纪末20世纪初,中国内忧外患之际,国人纷纷将中国衰败之本源归之于中华文化,试图以西方文化的植入、甚至是全盘西化来培养新人才,以期达到独立、富强之目的。与主流学人从国学转向西学的教育路径不同,梁氏却历经了从西学转向国学的路径。独特教育路径形成的特殊中西文化观深刻影响了他的大学教育思想与实践。他主张大学教育应当追求所授课程同质文化之融会贯通;东西文化兼备的人才教育观;引导学生对学科的深入研究;以学生为友注重心理教育;因材施教以及注重大学的德育教学。当然,由于时代的局限性,梁漱溟的大学教育思想也存在不同程度的不足与困境。

Liang Shuming is a master of modern Chinese Ancient Literature,one of the representatives of early New Confucianism,a famous educator. At the end of nineteenth century and early twentieth century,the time of Chinese domestic trouble and foreign invasion,Chinese people attributed the decline to the Chinese culture and tried to transplant Western culture,and even enforce total westernization to cultivate new talent,in order to achieve independence and prosperity. Different from the trend,Li Suming experienced the process from the western culture to Chinese traditional one,which influenced his higher education thought and practice. He advocated that university education should pursue mastery of course homogeneous culture,talent education with western culture and Chinese one,guidance students to in- depth study of the subject,the psychological education taking student as friends and teaching accordance with students and focusing on university moral education teaching. Because of the limitations of the times,Liang Shuming＇s university education ideology also had some problems and difficulties.