户籍差异与大学生就业——基于高校毕业生就业调查的经验研究

Household Registration and College Students' Employment:An Empirical Research Based on Sampling Survey Data of Employment Situation of College Graduates

本文利用2011年全国高校毕业生就业状况抽样调查数据,考察了城乡户籍大学生在就业起薪、行业进入和进入国有单位三个方面的就业差异。研究发现,农村户籍大学生在上述三个方面均存在不同程度的劣势,且在行业进入中面临的劣势最为明显。在我们的研究因素中,家庭背景和找工作时社会关系上的差异是导致城乡大学生就业不平等的最主要原因,专业选择也可以解释部分农村学生在就业起薪和进入高收入行业时的劣势;而大学生的在校表现并非导致城乡大学生就业差异的重要原因。

Based on the sampling survey data of employment situation of college graduates nationwide in 2011 by Peking University, this paper studies the disparity in job-hunting results between college graduates rural and urban hukou in starting salary, industry entry and unit ownership. The result shows that in the three aspects, students with rural hukou are faced with disadvantaged situations, of which the industry entry is the most serious. Among the factors in our study, family background and social network play essential roles in leading to the disadvantages of rural students. Major choice also explains the differences in starting salary and industry entry to a certain degree. Yet school performance is not a significant factor