论“否定”及其在哲学变革中的意义——从黑格尔、马克思到阿多诺

On The "Negative" and the Significance of Philosophical Revolution——From Hegel,Marx to Adorno

"否定"这一概念作为辩证法的核心,在哲学发展的过程中有着革命性的作用。黑格尔通过"否定"到"否定之否定"的展开过程确立起思辨的唯心主义哲学体系;马克思认为黑格尔通过"否定"建立起的体系扼杀了"否定"的革命性,他通过"否定""唯心主义哲学"体系,以解放否定的革命性,从而走向了实践的历史唯物主义;而阿多诺坚持维护"规定了的否定"的开放状态,在保持主客体的非暴力关系中开创了唯物主义的新视域。因此,考察"否定"这一概念在黑格尔、马克思及阿多诺建立理论体系时的重要作用具有很大的现实意义。

The concept of ＂ negative＂ as the core of dialectics,has a revolutionary effect on the process of the development of philosophy. Through the process of ＂ negative＂ to ＂ negation of negation＂,Hegel established the speculative idealism philosophy system; Marx argued that Hegel killed the revolutionary essence of ＂ negative＂. Through the ＂ negative＂ and ＂ idealism＂ system,the revolutionary liberation was denied,which goes to the practice of historical materialism. However,Adorno insists on maintaining the open state of ＂ Negation＂,keeping the non violent relationships of subject and object. Also,he created a new view of materialism.