敦煌疑伪经三种残卷缀合研究

The Patching-up and Study on Some Fragments of Three Apocryphal Scriptures in Dunhuang Manuscripts

敦煌文献中保存的一百多种疑伪经,绝大多数都不载于清以前的藏经,具有极高的研究价值。但其中不少都是残卷(片),给整理研究工作带来了严重影响。《斋法清净经》《法王经》《十王经》是隋唐五代宋初时较为流行的三种疑伪经,通过考察这三部疑伪经在敦煌文献中的现存面貌,厘清其所存卷号以及完整或残缺的情况,并从内容接续、残字拼合、行款相同、字迹书风相近等角度进行比较分析,可将这三经中的32号残卷(片)缀合为10组。通过缀合,这些原本分裂的残卷得以重聚一处;借助缀接后的写本所显示的较为完整的信息,不仅可以为这些残卷(片)进行准确的定名,还可以对其形制、内容与性质做出更为客观、可靠的判断。

Chinese Buddhist apocryphal scriptures,due to the reason that they were not told bythe Buddha himself,have been forbidden by″orthodox″Buddhism.Except a small portion thatsurvives,most of them have been lost.Among the Dunhuang documents discovered at thebeginning of the last century, more than one hundred Buddhist apocryphal scriptures are preserved,most of which are not included in the Buddhist canons published before the QingDynasty,and therefore become valuable primary sources for the study of the sinicization ofBuddhism.The majority of the Buddhist apocryphal manuscripts preserved in Dunhuang corpusare fragments.Some of the fragments were from the same scroll that was torn into pieces,whichseriously impedes relevant research. In this sense, the reconstruction of the Dunhuangfragmentary manuscripts is one of the fundamental tasks for the collation and study of Dunhuangdocuments.Zhaifa Qingjing Jing（the Scripture on the Purification of the Fast Discipline）,Fawang Jing（the Scripture on the King of the Dharma）and Shiwang Jing（the Scripture on the Ten Kings）are three Buddhist apocryphal scriptures that were popular during the Sui Dynasty,theTang Dynasty,the Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty.After a thorough study of thethree scriptures in the Dunhuang corpus,this article gives a definite number and the completenessof their extant manuscripts.Based on the comparative analysis of the content connectedness,thefragmentary characters,the same formats,the same handwritings,we pieced 32 fragments of the threeapocryphal scriptures together into 10 groups.Among them,there are 12 manuscripts ofZhaifa Qingjing Jing,and 2 of them are pieced together into 1 group,which is Дх10418＋Дх10304.Thereare 24 manuscripts ofFawang Jing,and 15 of them are pieced together into 5 groups,which areBD630＋S.9791,Дх3968 ＋Дх5387 ＋Дх3989,Дх6546 ＋Дх6140 ＋Дх1109 ＋Дх5080 ＋Дх6080,S.8438＋S.12368＋S.7269,and Дх9438 ＋Дх5513.There are 50 manuscripts ofShiwang Jing,andin addition to the manuscripts pieced together by previous scholars,15 of them are pieced together into4 groups,which are S.2489 ＋ S.10154,BD8066 ＋ S.4530,Дх3906 ＋ Дх3862 ＋ Дх501 andДх6612B…Дх791 9＋Дх7960＋Дх6612A＋Дх661 1B＋Дх7909…Дх8062＋Дх661 1A.The reconstruction work has patched up the scattered fragments,and some of them now make upcomplete scrolls with complete beginnings and ends,such as the 7th group（S.2489＋S.10154）and the8 th group（BD8066 ＋ S.4530）,etc.Based on the more complete information provided by thereconstructed manuscripts,it is possible to correctly name these fragments.For instance,thetwo fragments Дх3862 and Дх501 in the 9th group,which were formerly identified as ″ATemplate of Yuanwen（Literature of Hope）″and″Buddhist Sūtra″respectively,can now be piecedtogether with the fragment Дх3906 and re-identified asYanluowang Shouj i Jing（the Scriptureon the Vyākarana of the Yamarāja）according to the title at the beginning of the reconstructedmanuscript. This has also made it possible to correct the previous errors and themisidentifications of the recto and verso of the manuscripts.For example,two sets of fragments,Дх7909＋Дх791 9＋Дх7960＋Дх8062 and Дх661 1＋Дх6612R-V in the 10 th group were wronglypatched and misidentified in Dunhuang Manuscripts in Russian Collections.The patching-upshows that the two fragments Дх661 1 and Дх6612 are not the recto and verso of the manuscript,but the upper and lower parts of the same side.Therefore,the patching-up of the Dunhuangfragmentary manuscripts contributes to a better knowledge of these manuscripts and moreobjective,reliable judgments of their formats,contents and characteristics.