敦煌本《大方等大集经》残卷缀合研究

Research on Patching up the Fragments of Dunhuang Manuscripts Dafangdeng Dajijing

《大方等大集经》是大乘佛教大集部经典的汇编,由北凉昙无谶、北齐那连提耶舍、隋那连耶舍等数代经师接续翻译而成。在现已刊布的敦煌文献中,该经共有171号,除4号某一卷首尾完整外,其余1 67号均为残卷或残片,其中不乏原属同一写卷而被撕裂为数号者。依据内容前后相承、残卷断痕或残字相互契合、乌丝栏等行款相同、书写风格或笔迹相近以及背面内容相合等因素,可将其中的38号残卷或残片缀合为13组。敦煌残卷的缀合是进一步整理研究的基础。通过缀合,除使原本身首异处的残卷或残片重聚之外,还纠正了《国家图书馆藏敦煌遗书》或《英国国家图书馆藏敦煌遗书》条记目录对北敦9793号、北敦1 1 1 1 9号、斯627号等残卷著录信息的错误,更为进一步定名、断代及校理创造了条件。;《》;;

Dafangdeng Daj ij ing（Mahāvaipulya Mahāsamghāta Sutra） is a collection ofMahayana mahāsamghāta classics.It mainly interprets six paramitas and sunyata（emptiness）inMahayana and has a strong feature of Esoteric Buddhism.This sutra was successively translatedby Dharmak ema in the Northern Liang Dynasty,Narendrayasas in the Northern Qi Dynasty,Narenyasas in the Sui Dynasty and generations of other masters,and has been included in thesutra of all past dynasties.The edition consists of 60 volumes and 17 chapters inTaishopitaka.Almost each chapter has a different translation which has been handed down from ancient times.A systematic search shows that among all published Dunhuang literature,there are a total of171 pieces ofMahāvaipulya Mahāsamghāta Sutra,including 44 in the National Library ofChina,10 in la Bibliothèque nationale de France,27 in the British Library,75 in Institute ofOriental Manuscripts,the Russian Academy of Sciences,5 in Gansu（including 2 in GansuProvincial Museum and 3 in Dunhuang Research Academy）,2 in Tianjin Art Museum（TAM）,3in Kyou Shoku,2 in Nakamura Fuestsu,1 in Annexe of Mitsui Library（AML）,1 in CathayBookshop and 1 in the National Taiwan Library（NTL）.Compared with photocopies handeddown from ancient times,these manuscripts retain more of the original version and are preciousliterature for the study ofMahāvaipulya Mahāsamghāta Sutra.Except 141 pieces in TAM（Volume 4）,13 pieces in NTL,76 pieces in TAM（Volume 27,corresponding to Volume 47 ofTaishopitaka）,25 pieces in AML（Volume 29,corresponding to Volume 48 ofTaishopitaka）and 4 pieces in AML（Volume Ⅹ）,all of the remaining 1 67 pieces are fragments or remnants andare stored in different libraries,which causes difficulties for research.Among the fragments,quite a few are the pieces which were torn apart from the same manuscript.However,there isonly one group which has been patched up inDunhuang Documents Collected by Russia.There isstill a lot of work that needs to be done.According to the consistency of content,the mutual agreement of fragments,the samearrangement of thin black lines,similar writing styles or calligraphy and the same contents on theback,etc.,38 fragments ofMahāvaipulya Mahāsamghāta Sutracan be rejoined together as 13 groups,i.e.,（1）BD9617...BD10846...BD6812 ＋BD14825CF＋BD14825BH;（2）BD7653...BD10843＋BD11437...BD14825BA＋BD10540＋BD9856;（3）ДХ.6487＋ДХ.8050...ДХ.18338;（4）ДХ.15327 ＋ДХ.15362 ＋ДХ.15227 ＋ ДХ.12852;（5）BD9793 ＋ S.627...BD11119;（6）BD11137＋ДХ.744...BD11017;（7）ДХ.10823A＋ДХ.10823B;（8）（ДХ.8962＋ДХ.8963）＋ДХ.9091;（9）BD1 1 123 ＋BD7438;（10）ДХ.6369A＋ДХ.6369B;（1 1）ДХ.6301 ＋ДХ.6304;（12）ДХ.1 1332＋ДХ.1 1360;（13）BD1 1202＋BD10555.Patching up the fragments of Dunhuang manuscripts is the basis for further research.Bydoing so,the original fragments can be reunited,and the wrong data can be corrected onBD9793,BD1 1 1 1 9 and S.627,etc.in Dunhuang Literature in the National Library of China orDunhuang Literature in the British Library.This will pave the way for further denomination,division of periods and collation in the future.