产业链的空间分离与转移——基于距离型成本的视角

Spatial Separation and Transfer of the Industry Chain:From the Perspective of Distance Type Costs

产业链内不同环节的空间分离与转移是重塑中国产业地理的重要力量,但距离是决定产业链空间整合的核心因素。基于距离型成本,构建包含研发、生产、营销在内的产业链空间分离与转移模型,以此分析产业链的空间选择过程,并以中国制造业转移为案例进行验证。研究发现:距离型成本及其变化决定了生产环节相对于研发、营销环节的空间区位;距离型成本、要素成本、市场规模共同决定产业链中各环节的空间分离与转移;中西部与东部的交通运输距离阻碍了中国制造业由东向西的转移;中西部地区较低的劳动力工资和国内市场规模的扩张则加快了转移趋势。

The spatial separation and transfer of the industry chain reshapes China＇s industrial geography. How ever,the spatial distance remains the core factor w hich decides spatial separation and transfer of the industry chain. From the perspective of distance type costs,this paper constructs an industry chain model that contains RD,production,and marketing to analyze space selection process of the industry,and makes an empirical research of Chinese manufacturing industry. Results indicate that distance type costs and changes determine the position of production relative to RD and marketing. Distance type costs,factor costs and market size determine the spatial separation and transfer of industrial chain. Transport distance betw een central- w estern and eastern regions hinders the transfer of manufacturing from east to w est. Low er labor w ages and the expansion of domestic market size in central and w estern regions accelerate transfer trend. These indicate that China＇s regional and industrial policy should make effort in the direction of ＂improving transport infrastructure,raising the level of human capital,and fostering domestic market＂.