陶瓷纳滤膜制备与应用研究进展

Research progress of ceramic nanofiltration membranes

陶瓷纳滤膜以其优良的热稳定性、化学稳定性和机械强度等特性,在涉及高温、酸碱、有机溶剂等苛刻环境的过程工业领域具有广阔的应用前景。因此,陶瓷纳滤膜材料的制备研究已引起众多科研工作者的关注。本文综述了陶瓷纳滤膜在制备及应用方面的研究进展,着重介绍了溶胶-凝胶法、化学气相沉积法、原子层沉积法及表面接枝等陶瓷纳滤膜制备方法。溶胶-凝胶法反应温度低、操作过程相对简单且精确可控,是目前国内外陶瓷纳滤膜制备的常用方法;化学气相沉积法及原子层沉积法则需借助气相化学反应在多孔基底表面进行材料沉积,从而修复缺陷,减小平均孔经;表面接枝技术可改变陶瓷膜表面亲疏水性,同时将陶瓷基膜孔径减小至纳滤范围。此外简单介绍了陶瓷纳滤膜的应用,并对未来陶瓷纳滤膜研究方向提出了建议,指出陶瓷纳滤膜微结构参数与分离性能之间的关系建立,以及探讨陶瓷纳滤膜在溶剂体系中的分离机理将成为今后一段时间内的研究热点。

Ceramic nanofiltration（NF） membranes have been widely studied and utilized in many different fields,including food,pharmaceutical and water purification due to their high resistance to harsh environments. Therefore,much research has been focused on the development of ceramic NF membranes. This work reviewed and analyzed in detail the progress of preparation of ceramic NF membranes such as sol-gel,chemical vapor deposition（CVD）,atomic layer deposition（ALD） and surface grafting method. The sol-gel process was considered as a preferred technique for the production of ceramic NF membranes owing to its characteristics of easy operation and non-toxicity. CVD and ALD methods could control pore-size reduction employing several reaction chemistries such as Ti O2,Al2O3,Si O2 and others. The surface grafting technique was a key point for surface modification of ceramic membranes. When the grafting molecule size had a magnitude equal to the pore size of the membranes,the surface grafting process would inevitably affect the membrane pore size. The application of ceramic NF membranes was also briefly introduced,indicating that ceramic NF membranes were the technology of choice in treatment of liquid phase under harsh conditions. In the future,the relationship between microstructure of ceramic NF membranes and separation performance as well as separation mechanism of ceramic NF membranes in the solvent will attract more attentions.