木质类废弃物液化及其高效利用研究进展

Research progress on liquefaction of lignocellulosic waste and its efficient application

木质类废弃物具有数量多、分布广、可再生等特点,采用热化学液化技术将其转变为具有反应活性的新的化学原料,能替代或部分替代化石产品制备高品质化学品。本文将不同生物质转化技术以及可利用途径进行归纳总结,回顾了近年来国内外常见的木质类废弃物液化技术如高温高压液化、快速热解液化和常压催化液化等,重点介绍了广为关注的常压催化液化及其高效利用研究现状。概述了不同的液化剂和催化剂所得液化物的性质及所制备胶黏剂、聚氨酯材料等高附加值生物质基树脂材料的性能。指出木质类生物质液化过程只有朝着低成本、绿色、高效反应方向发展,才有可能向大规模工业化转化。作者结合自己的科研实践,提出该领域目前存在的一些问题以及解决途径的建议,对液化生物质基高分子材料的产业化应用提出展望。

Much widely distributed renewable lignocellulosic waste could be liquefied to synthesize high quality polymers such as adhesive,resins,and etc. The liquefactant could be used as a new kind activated chemical materials to replace,at least partly,the petroleum-based products. In this paper,various biomass conversion technologies and the available utilization pathways are summarized. Several conventional liquefaction technologies at different reaction conditions such as the high temperature and pressure,fast pyrolysis and atmospheric pressure in the presence of catalyst were reviewed,and the atmospheric catalytic liquefaction technology and its efficient utilization were particularly introduced. Properties of high value-added biomass-based resin polymer such as adhesives,polyurethane materials,and etc. which is prepared using different liquefaction solvents and catalysts,are illustrated. Based on years of authors＇ practical research,some difficulties and the suggestions in the liquefaction process were presented for the future industrialized application with low cost,environmental friendly and high-efficiency.