黏滞阻尼器在集装箱起重机上的减震研究

Study on seismic response control for a container crane using viscous dampers

基于能量耗散的原理提出了一种集装箱起重机抗震方法,该方法是在门腿与横梁之间安装黏滞阻尼器以吸收和耗散输入到结构的地震波能量,提高集装箱起重机的抗震性能。通过建立集装箱起重机减震结构的等效单自由度力学模型,推导了减震结构的等效阻尼和等效刚度,并与有限元模型计算结果对比验证了等效模型的有效性和可信度,提出了基于位移和耗能比的阻尼器阻尼系数和撑杆刚度系数优化方法,得到了不同烈度地震作用下的优化阻尼系数和刚度系数,计算了集装箱起重机减震结构在不同地震载荷作用下的位移响应特性。结果表明所提出的集装箱起重机抗震方法能够有效的耗散地震能量,减小结构位移响应,其减震率达到了46.18%,该方法是行之有效的。

In this paper,a seismic method for a container crane,based on the principle of energy dissipation,is proposed. Four viscous dampers are installed between the lateral beam and the leg to mitigate earthquake energy,which is used to improve the seismic performance of a container crane. The equivalent single degree of freedom model of the container crane is presented. Through the establishment of the equivalent single degree of freedom mechanical model of a container crane with dampers,the equivalent damping and the stiffness of the energy dissipation structure are deduced.Compared to the finite element model,it shows that the equivalent model is effective and credible. The optimization method,based on the displacement and energy dissipation ratio,is proposed to optimize the damping of dampers and the stiffness of rods. The displacement of the energy dissipation structure of the container crane under different earthquake excitations is analyzed. The results show that the seismic method of the container crane proposed in this paper can effectively dissipate seismic energy and reduce the displacement response of the structure,in which the decreasing amplitude ratio reaches 46. 18% and is effective.