审判委员会制度:寻根理枝与革新路径

Adjudication Committee System:Tracing the Origins and Innovation Path

审判委员会制度是我国司法本土化的一项制度性成果。由于该制度在司法实践中愈发凸显出诸多与现代法治精神不相投合的弊病,改革与完善审判委员会制度、促进审判委员会在法治轨道上运送公平正义已经成为法学理论界与实务界的共识。从规范层面厘清审判委员会的本来面目,并将其功能限定于总结审判经验等宏观指导方面,是商谈审判委员会改革的关键性前置要件。据此路径,对现实运行的审判委员会提出了"废除"最高裁判机构、"回归"纯粹议事职能、"改造"强化共同责任等三种革新方案,遵循司法规律,理顺审判权内部运行机制,确保审判权独立、公正地行使,以公开促进公正,以责任约束权力,通过司法实现社会正义。

The adjudication committee system is one of the institutional achievements of judicial localization in China.Due to the fact that the system is uncongenial to modern spirit of the rule of law during judicial practice that has highlighted many flaws,reforming and improving adjudication committee,as well as pushing it to convey fairness and justice on the orbit of law has become the consensus among the theoretical and practical circles.Clarifing the true features of the adjudication committee from specification and limiting its functions to macro guidance aspects,such as to sum up the experiences of trial,are the leading pre-conditions of the committee's reformation.According to this path,the paper has put forward three kinds of innovations:to 'abolish' the highest referee organization;to 'return' to the pure discussion functions;to 'transform' the strengthened common responsibility.The paper also puts forward that it should follow the rules of justice,make jurisdiction over internal operation mechanism and ensure that the jurisdiction perform independently and fairly,to promote fairness through publicity,to restrict power through responsibility,and to realize social justice through judicature.