民国时期高校女子家政教育与烹饪技术的科学化改造

Home economics for college educated female and scientific transformation of cooking during the period of the Republic of China

烹饪技术作为一种通常由女性主导的日常生活技术,在家政教育领域始终占有重要的地位.本文简述了中国传统家政教育视野下烹饪技术与女性的互动关系,并通过对民国高校家政系在教育目标、教师资质、课程设置、人才培养四个方面的分析,展现了民国时期高校女子家政教育对烹饪技术的科学化改造图景.同时探讨其对民国知识女性的影响虽然家政系促使一些女性走出家庭,成为职业女性,但对于中国近代社会性别观念的改变来说只是杯水车薪,并没有从根本上实现妇女的解放.

As a female-dominated daily technology, cooking is always playing an important role in the field of home economics. This paper reviewed briefly the interaction between cooking and women in the context of Chinese traditional home economics education, and then payed more attention to the scientific transformation of cooking in home economics education in colleges of the period of Republic of China, and its impacts on the educated females. It examines the educational goals, teacher qualifications, curriculum and personnel training in home economics education, and reveals new image of cooking technology from perspectives of educated women during this time. It concluded that although home economics has prompted some women get opportunities to work in the public domain,it was still not substantial driving force for women liberation and did not promote the transformation of traditional gender ideas greatly during the period of the Republic of China.